Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y

A

ABORT option

SHUTDOWN statement, 15.1.1.1

access control, 20.3.2

discretionary, definition, 1.2.7.1

fine-grained access control, 20.4.1

password encryption, 20.2.3.1

privileges, 20.3.2

roles, definition, 20.1.3

administrator privileges, 12.1.2

Advanced Queuing

event publication, 22.3.4.1

publish-subscribe support, 22.3.4.1

queue monitor process, 9.3.2.9, 9.3.2.9, 9.3.2.9

advisor framework, 14.2.4

advisors

Buffer Cache Advisor, 14.5

Logfile Size Advisor, 14.8.2

MTTR Advisor, 14.8.2

PGA Advisor, 14.5

Segment Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.6.6

Shared Pool Advisor, 14.5

SQL Access Advisor, 14.4

SQL Tuning Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.4

SQLAccess Advisor, 14.2.4

Undo Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.6.1

AFTER triggers, 22.3.2.2

defined, 22.3.2.2

when fired, 22.4.1

aggregate functions

user-defined, 27.4

alert file, 9.3.3

ARCn processes, 9.3.2.8

redo logs, 9.3.2.2

alert files

definition, 1.1.3.6

alias

qualifying subqueries (inline views), 5.3.7

ALL_ views, 7.2.2.2

ALL_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS view, 5.3.5

ALTER DATABASE statement, 12.2.2.2

BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause, 15.1.1.2.2

ALTER SESSION statement, 24.1.1.4

SET CONSTRAINTS DEFERRED clause, 21.5.2

transaction isolation level, 13.2.5.1

ALTER statement, 24.1.1.2

ALTER SYSTEM statement, 24.1.1.5

ARCHIVE ALL option

using to archive online redo logs, 15.1.1.2.1

dynamic parameters

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES, 9.3.2.8

ALTER TABLE statement

CACHE clause, 8.2.4.2

DEALLOCATE UNUSED clause, 2.3.4

disable or enable constraints, 21.6

MODIFY CONSTRAINT clause, 21.6.1

triggers, 22.2.1

validate or novalidate constraints, 21.6

ALTER USER statement

temporary segments, 2.4.3.3.1

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

datatypes

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 26.8

ANALYZE statement

shared pool, 8.2.6.5

anonymous PL/SQL blocks, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.4.3

applications, 24.2.1.1.2

contrasted with stored procedures, 24.2.1.4.3

dynamic SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

performance, 24.2.1.4.3

ANSI SQL standard

datatypes of, 26.8

ANSI/ISO SQL standard

data concurrency, 13.1.1

isolation levels, 13.2.6.1

application administrators, 20.5.3.5

application context, 20.5.2

application developers

privileges for, 20.5.3.4.1

roles for, 20.5.3.4.1

applications

application triggers compared with database triggers, 22.1

can find constraint violations, 21.2.1.4

context, 20.4.2

data dictionary references, 7.2.1.3

data warehousing, 5.8.11.1

database access through, 9.1

dependencies of, 6.5.2

enhancing security with, 20.3.3, 21.2.1.1

object dependencies and, 6.5.2.3

online transaction processing (OLTP)

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

processes, 9.2

program interface and, 9.6

roles and, 20.3.3.1.1

security

application context, 20.4.2

sharing code, 8.5

transaction termination and, 4.2

architecture

client/server, definition, 1.1.2.1

archive log files

definition, 1.1.3.4

archived redo logs

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE ALL statement, 15.1.1.2.1

backups, 15.1.3.3

ARCHIVELOG mode

archiver process (ARCn) and, 9.3.2.8

archiver process (ARCn)

described, 9.3.2.8

multiple processes, 9.3.2.8

archiving

after inconsistent closed backups, 15.1.1.2.1

after online backups, 15.1.1.2.1

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE ALL statement, 15.1.1.2.1

ARCn background process, 9.3.2.8

array processing, 24.1.5.2.8

arrays

size of VARRAYs, 27.2.2.1

variable (VARRAYs), 27.2.2.1

attributes

object types, 27.1.1, 27.2.1

AUDIT statement, 24.1.1.2

locks, 13.3.5.2

auditing

audit options, 20.6.1

audit records, 20.6.1.1

audit trails, 20.6.1.1

database, 20.6.1.1.1

operating system, 20.6.1.1.3, 20.6.1.1.5

database and operating-system user names, 20.2.1

described, 20.6

distributed databases and, 20.6.1.1.2

fine-grained, 20.4.3

policies for, 20.5.5

privilege use, 20.6.1

range of focus, 20.6.1

schema object, 20.6.1, 20.6.1

security and, 20.6.1.1.3

statement, 20.6.1

transaction independence, 20.6.1.1.6

when options take effect, 20.6.1.1.6

authentication

database administrators, 20.2.6

described, 20.2

multitier, 20.2.4

network, 20.2.2.1

operating system, 20.2.1

Oracle, 20.2.3

password policy, 20.5.3.1

public key infrastructure, 20.2.2.2

remote, 20.2.2.3

users, 20.5.1.2

Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, 14.3

automatic segment space management, 2.2.2

Automatic Storage Management, 14.11

benefits, 14.11.2

disk groups, 14.11, 14.11.1.1

Automatic Tuning Optimizer, 14.4

automatic undo management, 2.4.4, 14.6.1, 15.2.4.1.2

Automatic Workload Repository, 14.2.1

B

back-end of client/server architecture, 10.1

background processes, 9.3.2, 9.3.2

described, 9.3.2

diagrammed, 9.3.2

trace files for, 9.3.3

BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause

ALTER DATABASE statement, 15.1.1.2.2

backup mode, 15.1.3.1

backups

archived redo log, 15.1.3.3

consistent

whole database, 15.1.1.1

control file, 15.1.3.2

datafile, 15.1.2.3

inconsistent

whole database, 15.1.1.2, 15.1.1.2

logical, 15.3.4

online datafiles, 15.1.3.1

online tablespaces, 15.1.3.1

overview, 1.2.3

types listed, 1.2.3.2.4

whole database, 15.1.2.1

base tables

definition, 1.1.5.3

BEFORE triggers, 22.3.2.1

defined, 22.3.2.1

when fired, 22.4.1

BFILE datatype, 26.5.3

bigfile tablespaces, 1.1.4.1, 3.2.1

benefits, 3.2.1.1

considerations, 3.2.1.2

binary data

BFILEs, 26.5.3

BLOBs, 26.5.1

RAW and LONG RAW, 26.6

BINARY_DOUBLE datatype, 26.3.2.2

BINARY_FLOAT datatype, 26.3.2.1

bitmap indexes, 1.2.5.4, 5.8.11, 16.4

cardinality, 5.8.11.2

nulls and, 5.2.3, 5.8.11.4

parallel query and DML, 5.8.11.1, 16.4, 16.4

bitmap tablespace management, 3.2.7.1

bitmaps

to manage free space, 2.2.2

BLOBs (binary large objects), 26.5.1

blocking transactions, 13.2.6.1

block-level recovery, 13.3.4.1

blocks

anonymous, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.4.3

database, 2.2

BOOLEAN datatype, 26.1

branch blocks, 5.8.6.2

broker, 17.2.3.1.4

B-tree indexes, 5.8.6.2

compared with bitmap indexes, 5.8.11, 5.8.11.2

index-organized tables, 5.9

buff, 9.3.2.1

Buffer Cache Advisor, 14.5

buffer caches, 8.2.4

database, 8.2.4, 9.3.2.1

definition, 1.1.7.3.1

extended buffer cache (32-bit), 8.2.11.3

multiple buffer pools, 8.2.4.4

buffer pools, 8.2.4.4

BUFFER_POOL_KEEP initialization parameter, 8.2.4.4

BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE initialization parameter, 8.2.4.4

buffers

database buffer cache

incremental checkpoint, 9.3.2.1

redo log, 8.2.5

redo log, definition, 1.1.7.3.2

business rules

enforcing in application code, 21.2.1

enforcing using stored procedures, 21.2.1

enforcing with constraints

advantages of, 21.2.1

byte semantics, 26.2.3

C

CACHE clause, 8.2.4.2

Cache Fusion, 13.2.4

caches

buffer, 8.2.4

multiple buffer pools, 8.2.4.4

cache hit, 8.2.4.1

cache miss, 8.2.4.1

data dictionary, 7.2.1.2, 8.2.6.4

location of, 8.2.6

database buffer, definition, 1.1.7.3.1

library cache, 8.2.6, 8.2.6.1, 8.2.6.4

object cache, 25.2.1, 25.2.4

object views, 27.6.2

private SQL area, 8.2.6.2

shared SQL area, 8.2.6, 8.2.6.2

calls

Oracle call interface, 9.6.1

cannot serialize access, 13.2.6.1

cardinality, 5.8.11.2

CASCADE actions

DELETE statements and, 21.3.4.3.2

century, 26.4.3

certificate authority, 20.2.2.2

chaining of rows, 2.2.2.2, 5.2.1.1

change data capture, 16.2.5, 23.3.1.4

CHAR datatype, 26.2.1

blank-padded comparison semantics, 26.2.1

character semantics, 26.2.3

character sets

CLOB and NCLOB datatypes, 26.5.2

column lengths, 26.2.3

NCHAR and NVARCHAR2, 26.2.4.2

check constraints, 21.3.5

checking mechanism, 21.4

defined, 21.3.5

multiple constraints on a column, 21.3.5.2

subqueries prohibited in, 21.3.5.1

checkpoint process (CKPT), 9.3.2.3

checkpoints

checkpoint process (CKPT), 9.3.2.3

control files and, 3.4.1

DBWn process, 9.3.2.1, 9.3.2.3

incremental, 9.3.2.1

statistics on, 9.3.2.3

CKPT background process, 9.3.2.3

client processes. See user processes

clients

in client/server architecture, definition, 1.1.2.1.1

client/server architectures, 10.1

definition, 1.1.2.1

diagrammed, 10.1

distributed processing in, 10.1

overview of, 10.1

program interface, 9.6

CLOB datatype, 26.5.2

clone databases

mounting, 12.2.2.3

cluster keys, 5.11

CLUSTER_DATABASE parameter, 12.2.2.1

clustered computer systems

Real Application Clusters, 12.1.1

clusters

cannot be partitioned, 18

definition, 1.1.5.4

dictionary locks and, 13.3.5.5

hash, 5.12

contrasted with index, 5.12

index

contrasted with hash, 5.12

indexes on, 5.8

cannot be partitioned, 18

keys, 5.11

affect indexing of nulls, 5.2.3

overview of, 5.11

rowids and, 5.2.1.2

scans of, 8.2.4.2

storage parameters of, 5.2.1

coalescing extents, 2.3.4.1

coalescing free space

extents

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

within data blocks, 2.2.2.1

collections, 27.2.2

index-organized tables, 5.9.1

key compression, 5.8.9.3

nested tables, 27.2.2.2

variable arrays (VARRAYs), 27.2.2.1

columns

cardinality, 5.8.11.2

column objects, 27.2.1.2.1

default values for, 5.2.4

described, 5.2

integrity constraints, 5.2, 5.2.4.1, 21.1.2.1, 21.3

maximum in concatenated indexes, 5.8.2

maximum in view or table, 5.3

nested tables, 5.2.6

order of, 5.2.1.3

prohibiting nulls in, 21.3.1

pseudocolumns

ROWID, 26.7.1

COMMENT statement, 24.1.1.2

COMMIT comment

deprecation of, 4.2.4.2

COMMIT statement, 24.1.1.3

ending a transaction, 4.1

fast commit, 9.3.2.2

implied by DDL, 4.1

two-phase commit, 4.2.5

committing transactions

defined, 4.1

fast commit, 9.3.2.2

group commits, 9.3.2.2

implementation, 9.3.2.2

comparison methods, 27.2.1.1.2

compiled PL/SQL

advantages of, 24.2.1.4.1

procedures, 24.2.1.4.3

pseudocode, 22.4.3

shared pool, 24.2.1.1.2

triggers, 22.4.3

complete recovery, 15.2.1.1

definition, 15.2.1.1

composite indexes, 5.8.2, 5.8.2

compression, index key, 5.8.9

concatenated indexes, 5.8.2, 5.8.2

concurrency

data, definition, 1.2.1.1

described, 13.1

limits on

for each user, 20.3.1.1.5

transactions and, 13.3.1

configuration of a database

process structure, 9.1.2

configurations

Data Guard, 17.2.3.1.1

configuring

parameter file, 12.1.3

process structure, 9.1

connection pooling, 20.2.4

connections

defined, 9.2.1

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

listener process and, 9.4.1.1, 10.3.2

restricting, 12.2.1.1

sessions contrasted with, 9.2.1

with administrator privileges, 12.1.2

consistency

read consistency, definition, 1.2.1.2

consistent backups

whole database, 15.1.1.1

constants

in stored procedures, 24.2.1.2.1

constraints

alternatives to, 21.2.1

applications can find violations, 21.2.1.4

CHECK, 21.3.5

default values and, 21.4.1

defined, 5.2

disabling temporarily, 21.2.1.6

effect on performance, 21.2.1.5

enforced with indexes, 5.8.3

PRIMARY KEY, 21.3.3.2

UNIQUE, 21.3.2.2

FOREIGN KEY, 21.3.4

integrity

types listed, 1.2.8.1

integrity, definition, 1.2.8.1

mechanisms of enforcement, 21.4

modifying, 21.6.1

NOT NULL, 21.3.1, 21.3.2.3

on views, 5.4.1

PRIMARY KEY, 21.3.3

referential

effect of updates, 21.3.4.3

self-referencing, 21.3.4.1

triggers cannot violate, 22.4

triggers contrasted with, 22.1.1.2

UNIQUE key, 21.3.2

partially null, 21.3.2.3

what happens when violated, 21.2

when evaluated, 5.2.4.1

constructor methods, 27.2.1.1.1

contention

for data

deadlocks, 13.3.2

lock escalation does not occur, 13.3.1.3

control files, 3.4

backups, 15.1.3.2

changes recorded, 3.4.1

checkpoints and, 3.4.1

contents, 3.4.1

definition, 1.1.3.2

how specified, 12.1.3

multiplexed, 3.4.2

overview, 3.4

used in mounting database, 12.2.2

converting data

program interface, 9.6

correlation names

inline views, 5.3.7

CPU time limit, 20.3.1.1.3

crash recovery

overview, 15.2.4.2

CREATE CLUSTER statement

storage parameters, 2.4.1

CREATE INDEX statement

storage parameters, 2.4.2

temporary segments, 2.4.3.1

CREATE PACKAGE statement

locks, 13.3.5.2

CREATE PROCEDURE statement

locks, 13.3.5.2

CREATE statement, 24.1.1.2

CREATE SYNONYM statement

locks, 13.3.5.2

CREATE TABLE statement

CACHE clause, 8.2.4.2

enable or disable constraints, 21.6

locks, 13.3.5.2

storage parameters, 2.4.1

triggers, 22.2.1

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statement, 5.2.7

CREATE TRIGGER statement

compiled and stored, 22.4.3

locks, 13.3.5.2

CREATE USER statement

temporary segments, 2.4.3.3.1

CREATE VIEW statement

locks, 13.3.5.2

cursors

creating, 24.1.5.2.1

defined, 24.1.2

definition, 1.1.7.3.4

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

maximum number of, 24.1.2

object dependencies and, 6.4

opening, 8.3.1.1.1, 24.1.2

private SQL areas and, 8.3.1.1.1, 24.1.2

recursive, 24.1.2

recursive SQL and, 24.1.2

scrollable, 24.1.2.1

stored procedures and, 24.2.1.2.2

D

dangling REFs, 27.2.1.5.2, 27.2.1.5.3

data

access to

concurrent, 13.1

fine-grained access control, 20.4.1

concurrency, definition, 1.2.1.1

consistency of

locks, 13.1.2

manual locking, 13.3.7

read consistency, definition, 1.2.1.2

repeatable reads, 13.2.3

transaction level, 13.2.3

underlying principles, 13.3

how stored in tables, 5.2.1

integrity of, 5.2, 21.1

CHECK constraints, 21.3.5

enforcing, 21.1.2, 21.2.1

referential, 21.1.1.4, 21.1.1.4

types, 21.1.1

locks on, 13.3.4

security of, 20.5.2

data blocks, 2.1

cached in memory, 9.3.2.1

coalescing free space in blocks, 2.2.2.1

controlling free space in, 2.2.3

definition, 1.1.4.2

format, 2.2.1

free lists and, 2.2.3.2.1

how rows stored in, 5.2.1.1

overview, 2.1

row directory, 5.2.1.1

shared in clusters, 5.11

shown in rowids, 26.7.2.1, 26.7.2.2

space available for inserted rows, 2.2.3.2.1

stored in the buffer cache, 8.2.4

writing to disk, 9.3.2.1

data conversion

program interface, 9.6

data definition language

definition, 1.3.1.1.1

described, 24.1.1.2

embedding in PL/SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

locks, 13.3.5

parsing with DBMS_SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

processing statements, 24.1.5.3

data dictionary

access to, 7.1.1

ALL prefixed views, 7.2.2.2

cache, 8.2.6.4

location of, 8.2.6

content of, 7.1, 8.2.6.4

datafiles, 3.2.2.1

DBA prefixed views, 7.2.2.3

defined, 7.1

dependencies tracked by, 6.1

dictionary managed tablespaces, 3.2.7.3

DUAL table, 7.2.2.4

dynamic performance tables, 7.3

locks, 13.3.5

owner of, 7.1.2

prefixes to views of, 7.2.2

public synonyms for, 7.2.1.1

row cache and, 8.2.6.4

structure of, 7.1.1

SYSTEM tablespace, 3.2.2.1, 7.1, 7.2.2

USER prefixed views, 7.2.2.1

uses of, 7.2

table and column definitions, 24.1.5.2.2

Data Guard

broker, 17.2.3.1.4

configurations, 17.2.3.1.1

logical standby databases, 17.2.3.1.3

physical standby databases, 17.2.3.1.2

data loading

with external tables, 5.2.8.2

data locks

conversion, 13.3.1.3

duration of, 13.3.1

escalation, 13.3.1.3

data manipulation language

definition, 1.3.1.1.2

described, 24.1.1.1

locks acquired by, 13.3.4.3

processing statements, 24.1.5.2

serializable isolation for subqueries, 13.2.7.2

triggers and, 1.2.8.3, 22.1.1, 22.4.2

data object number

extended rowid, 26.7.2.1

data protection

modes, 17.2.3.1.1

Data Pump Export, 11.2.1

dump file set, 11.2.1

Data Pump Import, 11.2.2

data security

definition, 1.2.7

data segments, 2.4.1, 5.2.1

definition, 1.1.4.4

data warehouse, 16.1.1.4

data warehousing

architecture, 16.1.3

bitmap indexes, 5.8.11.1

dimension schema objects, 5.5

ETL, 1.2.5.1

hierarchies, 5.5

invalidated views and packages, 6.2.1.3

materialized views, 1.2.5.3, 5.4

OLAP, 1.2.5.1

summaries, 5.4

database

staging, 16.1.1.4

database administrators

application administrator versus, 20.5.3.5

roles

for security, 20.5.3.3

security for, 20.5.3.3

security officer versus, 20.5.1

database administrators (DBAs)

authentication, 20.2.6

data dictionary views, 7.2.2.3

password files, 20.2.6

database buffers

after committing transactions, 4.2.1

buffer cache, 8.2.4

clean, 9.3.2.1

committing transactions, 9.3.2.2

defined, 8.2.4

definition, 1.1.7.3.1

dirty, 8.2.4.1, 9.3.2.1

free, 8.2.4.1

multiple buffer pools, 8.2.4.4

pinned, 8.2.4.1

size of cache, 8.2.4.3

writing of, 9.3.2.1

Database Creation Assistant, 14.1.1

database object metadata, 7.4

Database Resource Manager

introduction, 14.10.1

terminology, 14.10.1.1

database structures

control files, 3.4

data blocks, 2, 2.2

data dictionary, 7

datafiles, 3, 3.3

extents, 2.1, 2.3

memory, 8

processes, 9

revealing with rowids, 26.7.2.2

schema objects, 5.1

segments, 2.1, 2.4

tablespaces, 3, 3.2

database triggers, 22

Database Upgrade Assistant, 14.1.3

database writer process (DBWn), 9.3.2.1

checkpoints, 9.3.2.1

defined, 9.3.2.1

least recently used algorithm (LRU), 9.3.2.1

multiple DBWn processes, 9.3.2.1

when active, 9.3.2.1

write-ahead, 9.3.2.2

writing to disk at checkpoints, 9.3.2.3

databases

access control

password encryption, 20.2.3.1

clone database, 12.2.2.3

closing, 12.3.1

terminating the instance, 12.3.1.1

distributed

changing global database name, 8.2.6.5

incarnations, 15.2.1.2

limitations on usage, 20.3.1

mounting, 12.2.2

name stored in control file, 3.4.1

open and closed, 12.1.1

opening, 12.2.3

opening read-only, 12.2.3.4

password encryption, 20.5.3.1

production, 20.5.3.4.1, 20.5.3.5

scalability, 10.1, 16.5

shutting down, 12.3

standby, 12.2.2.2

starting up, 12.1

forced, 12.3.3.1

structures

control files, 3.4

data blocks, 2, 2.2

data dictionary, 7

datafiles, 3, 3.3

extents, 2.1, 2.3

logical, 2

memory, 8

processes, 9

revealing with rowids, 26.7.2.2

schema objects, 5.1

segments, 2.1, 2.4

tablespaces, 3, 3.2

test, 20.5.3.4.1

datafiles

backing up, 15.1.2.3

contents of, 3.3.1

data dictionary, 3.2.2.1

datafile 1, 3.2.2.1

SYSTEM tablespace, 3.2.2.1

definition, 1.1.3.1

in online or offline tablespaces, 3.3.3

named in control files, 3.4.1

online backups, 15.1.3.1

overview of, 3.3

read-only, 3.2.10

relationship to tablespaces, 3.1

shown in rowids, 26.7.2.1, 26.7.2.2

SYSTEM tablespace, 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.1

taking offline, 3.3.3

temporary, 3.3.4

datatypes, 1.3.6, 26.1

ANSI, 26.8

array types, 27.2.2.1

BOOLEAN, 26.1

CHAR, 26.2.1

character, 26.2, 26.5.2

collections, 27.2.2

conversions of

by program interface, 9.6

non-Oracle types, 26.8

Oracle to another Oracle type, 26.11

DATE, 26.4

DB2, 26.8

how they relate to tables, 5.2

in PL/SQL, 26.1

list of available, 1.3.6, 26.1

LOB datatypes, 1.2.6.2, 26.5

BFILE, 26.5.3

BLOB, 26.5.1

CLOB and NCLOB, 26.5.2

LONG, 26.2.7

storage of, 5.2.1.3

multimedia, 27.1.2

NCHAR and NVARCHAR2, 26.2.4.2

nested tables, 5.2.6, 27.2.2.2

NUMBER, 26.3.1

object types, 27.2.1

RAW and LONG RAW, 26.6

ROWID, 26.7, 26.7.2

SQL/DS, 26.8

TIMESTAMP, 26.4.5

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 26.4.5

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 26.4.5

URI, 26.10

user-defined, 27, 27.2

VARCHAR, 26.2.2.1

VARCHAR2, 26.2.2

XML, 26.9

DATE datatype, 26.4

arithmetic with, 26.4.2

changing default format of, 26.4

Julian dates, 26.4.1

midnight, 26.4

DATETIME datatypes, 26.4.4

daylight savings support, 26.4.4

DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter, 3.2.8, 8.2.4.3

DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter

buffer cache, 8.2.4.3

DB_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.1, 8.2.3, 8.2.4.3.1

DB_CACHE_SIZE parameter

buffer cache, 8.2.4.3

system global area size and, 8.2.1

DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.4.3, 8.2.4.4

DB_NAME parameter, 3.4.1

DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.4.3.1

DB_RECYCLY_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.4.3, 8.2.4.4

DBA_ views, 7.2.2.3

DBA_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS view, 5.3.5

DBMS_LOCK package, 13.3.8

DBMS_RLS package

security policies, 20.4.1

DBMS_SCHEDULER package, 14.12

DBMS_SQL package, 24.2.1.2.4

parsing DDL statements, 24.2.1.2.4

DBWn background process, 9.3.2.1

DDL. See data definition language (DDL)

deadlocks

avoiding, 13.3.2.2

defined, 13.3.2

detection of, 13.3.2.1

distributed transactions and, 13.3.2.1

deallocating extents, 2.3.4, 2.3.4

decision support systems (DSS)

materialized views, 5.4

dedicated servers, 9.5

compared with shared servers, 9.4

default access driver

for external tables, 5.2.8.1

default tablespace

definition, 20.1.4.1

default temporary tablespaces, 3.2.5

specifying, 3.2.5.1

default values, 5.2.4, 5.2.4

constraints effect on, 21.4.1

deferred constraints

deferrable or nondeferrable, 21.5.1

initially deferred or immediate, 21.5.1

define phase of query processing, 24.1.5.2.5

degree of parallelism

parallel SQL, 16.5.1

delete cascade constraint, 21.3.4.3.2

DELETE statement, 24.1.1.1

foreign key references, 21.3.4.3.1

freeing space in data blocks, 2.2.2.1

triggers, 22.2.1

denormalized tables, 5.5

dependencies, 6

between schema objects, 6.1

function-based indexes, 5.8.5.3

local, 6.5.1

managing, 6

on non-existence of other objects, 6.3

Oracle Forms triggers and, 6.5.2.3

privileges and, 6.2.1.5

remote objects and, 6.5

shared pool and, 6.4

dereferencing, 27.2.1.5.3

implicit, 27.2.1.5.3

describe phase of query processing, 24.1.5.2.4

DETERMINISTIC functions

function-based indexes, 5.8.5.3.1

developers, application, 20.5.3.4.1

development languages, 25.1

dictionary cache locks, 13.3.6.2.1

dictionary managed tablespaces, 3.2.7.3

different-row writers block writers, 13.2.6.1

dimensions, 5.5

attributes, 5.5

hierarchies, 5.5

join key, 5.5

normalized or denormalized tables, 5.5

directory service

See also enterprise directory service.

dirty buffer, 8.2.4.1

incremental checkpoint, 9.3.2.1

dirty read, 13.1.1, 13.2.6.1

dirty write, 13.2.6.1

DISABLED indexes, 5.8.5.3.2, 5.8.5.3.3

discretionary access control, 20.1

definition, 1.2.7.1

disk affinities

disabling with large-scale clusters, 18.4.2

disk failure. See media failure

disk space

controlling allocation for tables, 5.2.1

datafiles used to allocate, 3.3, 3.3

dispatcher processes

described, 9.4.1.1

dispatcher processes (Dnnn)

limiting SGA space for each session, 20.3.1.1.5

listener process and, 9.4.1.1

network protocols and, 9.4.1.1

prevent startup and shutdown, 9.4.2

response queue and, 9.4.1

user processes connect through Oracle Net Services, 9.4, 9.4.1.1

distributed databases

auditing and, 20.6.1.1.2

client/server architectures and, 10.1

deadlocks and, 13.3.2.1

dependent schema objects and, 6.5

job queue processes, 9.3.2.7

recoverer process (RECO) and, 9.3.2.6

remote dependencies, 6.5.2

server can also be client in, 10.1

distributed processing environment

client/server architecture in, 10.1

data manipulation statements, 24.1.5.2

definition, 1.1.2.1

described, 10.1

materialized views (snapshots), 5.4

distributed SQL, 23.1, 23.2.1

distributed transactions

naming, 4.2.4

routing statements to nodes, 24.1.5.2.2

two-phase commit and, 4.2.5

DML. See data manipulation language (DML)

drivers, 9.6.2

DROP statement, 24.1.1.2

DROP TABLE statement

triggers, 22.2.1

DUAL table, 7.2.2.4

dynamic partitioning, 16.5.1

dynamic performance tables (V$ tables), 7.3

dynamic predicates

in security policies, 20.4.1.1

dynamic SQL

DBMS_SQL package, 24.2.1.2.4

embedded, 24.2.1.2.4

E

editing stored outlines, 24.1.6.1.2

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

dynamic SQL in PL/SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

encryption

database passwords, 20.5.3.1

enterprise directory service, 20.5.3.2

Enterprise Manager

ALERT file, 9.3.3

checkpoint statistics, 9.3.2.3

executing a package, 24.2.1.5

executing a procedure, 24.2.1.4

lock and latch monitors, 13.3.6

PL/SQL, 24.2.1.1.2

shutdown, 12.3, 12.3.3.1

SQL statements, 24.1

startup, 1.1.8.2, 12.2

statistics monitor, 20.3.1.2.2

Enterprise Manager Database Console, 14.1

enterprise roles, 20.5.3.2

enterprise users, 20.5.3.2

errors

in embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

tracked in trace files, 9.3.3

ETL. See extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL), 1.2.5.2, 16.2

exceptions

during trigger execution, 22.4.1

raising, 24.2.1.2.3

stored procedures and, 24.2.1.2.3

exclusive locks

row locks (TX), 13.3.4.1

RX locks, 13.3.4.2.2

table locks (TM), 13.3.4.2

execution plans, 24.1.6.1

EXPLAIN PLAN, 24.1.1.1

location of, 8.2.6.2.1

parsing SQL, 24.1.5.2.2

EXPLAIN PLAN statement, 24.1.1.1

explicit locking, 13.3.7, 13.3.7

extended rowid format, 26.7.2.1

extents

allocating, 2.3.3

as collections of data blocks, 2.3

coalescing, 2.3.4.1

deallocation

when performed, 2.3.4, 2.3.4

defined, 2.1

definition, 1.1.4.3

dictionary managed, 3.2.7.3

incremental, 2.3.1

locally managed, 3.2.7.1

materialized views, 2.3.4.3

overview of, 2.3

external procedures, 24.2.1.4.6

external tables

parallel access, 5.2.8.3

extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL), 1.2.5.2, 16.2

overview, 1.2.5.2, 16.2

F

failures

database buffers and, 15.2.4.1

instance

recovery from, 12.2.3.1, 12.3.1.1

internal errors

tracked in trace files, 9.3.3

statement and process, 9.3.2.5

types listed, 1.2.3.1

fast commit, 9.3.2.2

fast refresh, 5.4.2

fast-start

rollback on demand, 15.2.4.1.2

features

new, 1.2.5.9, 16.8

fetching rows in a query, 24.1.5.2.9

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

file management locks, 13.3.6.2.2

files

ALERT and trace files, 9.3.2.2, 9.3.3

initialization parameter, 1.1.8.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.1

password, 20.2.6

administrator privileges, 12.1.2

server parameter, 1.1.8.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.1

filtering data

using Data Pump import, 11.2

FINAL and NOT FINAL types, 27.3.1

fine-grained access control, 20.4.1, 20.5.2

fine-grained auditing, 20.4.3

fixed views, 7.3

flash recovery area, 15.4

Flashback Query, 13.4

overview, 13.4

uses, 13.4.2

Flashback row history, 13.4

Flashback transaction history, 13.4

floating-point numbers

datatypes, 26.3.2

foreign key constraints

changes in parent key values, 21.3.4.3

constraint checking, 21.4

deleting parent table rows and, 21.3.4.3.2

maximum number of columns in, 21.3.4

nulls and, 21.3.4.2

updating parent key tables, 21.3.4.3

updating tables, 21.3.4.4.1, 21.3.4.4.2

fractional seconds, 26.4.5

free lists, 2.2.3.2.1

free space

automatic segment space management, 2.2.2

coalescing extents

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

coalescing within data blocks, 2.2.2.1

free lists, 2.2.3.2.1

managing, 2.2.2

section of data blocks, 2.2.1.6

free space management, 14.6.3

in-segment, 2.2.2

front-ends, 10.1

full table scans

LRU algorithm and, 8.2.4.2

parallel exe, 16.5.1

function-based indexes, 5.8.5

dependencies, 5.8.5.3

DISABLED, 5.8.5.3.2, 5.8.5.3.3

privileges, 5.8.5.3, 5.8.5.3.2

UNUSABLE, 5.8.5.3.3

functions

function-based indexes, 5.8.5

PL/SQL, 24.2.1.4, 24.2.1.4

contrasted with procedures, 24.2.1.4

DETERMINISTIC, 5.8.5.3.1

SQL

COUNT, 5.8.11.4

in CHECK constraints, 21.3.5.1

in views, 5.3.3.1

NVL, 5.2.3

G

Generic Connectivity, 23.1, 23.4.1

global database names

shared pool and, 8.2.6.5

global partitioned indexes

maintenance, 18.3.2.3

Globalization Development Kit, 1.3.7

globalization support

character sets for, 26.2.3

CHECK constraints and, 21.3.5.1

NCHAR and NVARCHAR2 datatypes, 26.2.4.2

NCLOB datatype, 26.5.2

views and, 5.3.3.1

GRANT statement, 24.1.1.2

locks, 13.3.5.2

GROUP BY clause

temporary tablespaces, 3.2.11

group commits, 9.3.2.2

guesses in logical rowids, 26.7.3

staleness, 26.7.3.2

statistics for, 26.7.3.2

H

handles for SQL statements, 8.3.1.1.1

definition, 1.1.7.3.4

hash clusters, 5.12

contrasted with index, 5.12

headers

of data blocks, 2.2.1.1

of row pieces, 5.2.1.1

HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS parameter, 8.2.11.2

hierarchies, 5.5

join key, 5.5

levels, 5.5

high water mark

definition, 2.1

hot backups

inconsistent whole database backups, 15.1.1.2

I

immediate constraints, 21.5

implicit dereferencing, 27.2.1.5.3

incarnations

of databases, 15.2.1.2

incomplete media recovery

definition, 15.2.1.2

incomplete recovery, 15.2.1.2

inconsistent backups

whole database

definition, 15.1.1.2

incremental checkpoint, 9.3.2.1

incremental refresh, 5.4.2

index segments, 2.4.2

indexes, 5.8

bitmap indexes, 5.8.11, 5.8.11.5

nulls and, 5.2.3

parallel query and DML, 5.8.11.1

branch blocks, 5.8.6.2

B-tree structure of, 5.8.6.2

building

using an existing index, 5.8

cardinality, 5.8.11.2

cluster

cannot be partitioned, 18

composite, 5.8.2

concatenated, 5.8.2

definition, 1.1.5.2

described, 5.8

domain, 5.10

enforcing integrity constraints, 21.3.2.2, 21.3.3.2

extensible, 5.10

function-based, 5.8.5

dependencies, 5.8.5.3

DETERMINISTIC functions, 5.8.5.3.1

DISABLED, 5.8.5.3.3

optimization with, 5.8.5.2

privileges, 5.8.5.3, 5.8.5.3.2

index-organized tables, 5.9

logical rowids, 26.7.3

secondary indexes, 5.9.3

internal structure of, 5.8.6.2

key compression, 5.8.9

keys and, 5.8.3

primary key constraints, 21.3.3.2

unique key constraints, 21.3.2.2

leaf blocks, 5.8.6.2

location of, 5.8.6

LONG RAW datatypes prohibit, 26.6

nonunique, 5.8.1

nulls and, 5.2.3, 5.8.4, 5.8.11.4

on complex datatypes, 5.10

overview of, 5.8

partitioned tables, 5.8.11.5

partitions, 1.2.5.10, 17.2.2.2, 18.1

performance and, 5.8

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

rowids and, 5.8.6.2

storage format of, 5.8.6.1

unique, 5.8.1

when used with views, 5.3.3.2

index-organized tables, 5.9

benefits, 5.9.1

key compression in, 5.8.9.3, 5.9.1

logical rowids, 26.7.3

secondary indexes on, 5.9.3

in-doubt transactions, 12.2.3.3

initialization parameter file, 1.1.8.2, 12.1.3, 12.2.1

startup, 1.1.8.2, 12.2.1

initialization parameters

basic, 14.1.4

BUFFER_POOL_KEEP, 8.2.4.4

BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE, 8.2.4.4

CLUSTER_DATABASE, 12.2.2.1

DB_BLOCK_SIZE, 8.2.4.3

DB_CACHE_SIZE, 8.2.1, 8.2.4.3

DB_NAME, 3.4.1

HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS, 8.2.11.2

LOCK_SGA, 8.2.11.1

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES, 9.3.2.8

LOG_BUFFER, 8.2.1, 8.2.5

MAX_SHARED_SERVERS, 9.4.1.2

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS, 26.3.1

OPEN_CURSORS, 8.3.1.1.1, 24.1.2

REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE, 6.5.2.1

SERVICE_NAMES, 10.3.2.1

SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS, 8.2.11.2

SHARED_POOL_SIZE, 8.2.1, 8.2.6

SHARED_SERVERS, 9.4.1.2

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES, 5.8.5.3.3

SORT_AREA_SIZE, 2.4.3.1

SQL_TRACE, 9.3.3

UNDO_MANAGEMENT, 12.2.3.2

USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS, 8.2.11.3

initially deferred constraints, 21.5.1

initially immediate constraints, 21.5.1

INIT.ORA. See initialization parameter file.

inline views, 5.3.7

example, 5.3.7

INSERT statement, 24.1.1.1

free lists, 2.2.3.2.1

triggers, 22.2.1

BEFORE triggers, 22.3.2.1

instance failure

definition, 1.2.3.1

instance recovery

overview, 15.2.4.2

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

instances

associating with databases, 12.1.1, 12.2.2

definition, 1.1.7

described, 12.1

diagrammed, 9.3.2

memory structures of, 8.1

multiple-process, 9.1.1, 9.1.2

process structure, 9.1

recovery of, 12.3.1.1

opening a database, 12.2.3.1

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

restricted mode, 12.2.1.1

service names, 10.3.2

shutting down, 12.3, 12.3.3

starting, 1.1.8.2, 12.2

terminating, 12.3.1.1

Instant Client, 14.1.2

INSTEAD OF triggers, 22.3.3

nested tables, 27.6.4

object views, 27.6.3

integrity constraints, 21.1

default column values and, 5.2.4.1

definition, 1.2.8.1

types listed, 1.2.8.1

INTERNAL

security for, 20.5.3.3.2

internal errors tracked in trace files, 9.3.3

intrablock chaining, 5.2.1.1

IS NULL predicate, 5.2.3

ISO SQL standard, 26.8

isolation levels

choosing, 13.2.7

read committed, 13.2.5.2

setting, 13.2.5.1, 13.3.7

J

Java

attributes, 24.2.2.1.2

class hierarchy, 24.2.2.2

classes, 24.2.2.1.1

interfaces, 24.2.2.3

methods, 24.2.2.1.3

overview, 24.2.2

polymorphism, 24.2.2.4

triggers, 22, 22.2.3

Java Messaging Service, 24.2.2.7.6

Java stored procedures, 24.2.2.7.1

Java virtual machine, 24.2.2.5

JAVA_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.1

JDBC

overview, 24.2.2.7.3

job queue processes, 9.3.2.7

jobs, 9.1

join views, 5.3.5

joins

encapsulated in views, 5.3.2

views, 5.3.5

K

key compression, 5.8.9

keys

cluster, 5.11

defined, 21.3.2.1

foreign, 21.3.4, 21.3.4

in constraints, definition, 1.2.8.2

indexes and, 5.8.3

compression, 5.8.9

PRIMARY KEY constraints, 21.3.3.2

reverse key, 5.8.10

UNIQUE constraints, 21.3.2.2

maximum storage for values, 5.8.2

parent, 21.3.4, 21.3.4.1

primary, 21.3.3

referenced, 21.3.4

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

unique, 21.3.2

composite, 21.3.2.1, 21.3.2.3

L

large pool, 8.2.7

LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.1

large-scale clusters

disk affinity, 18.4.2

large-scale clustes

multiple Oracle instances, 12.1.1

latches

described, 13.3.6.1

leaf blocks, 5.8.6.2

least recently used (LRU) algorithm

database buffers and, 8.2.4.1

dictionary cache, 7.2.1.2

full table scans and, 8.2.4.2

latches, 9.3.2.1

shared SQL pool, 8.2.6.2.1, 8.2.6.5

LGWR background process, 9.3.2.2

library cache, 8.2.6, 8.2.6.1, 8.2.6.4

listener process, 10.3.2

service names, 10.3.2

listeners, 9.4.1.1, 10.3.2

service names, 10.3.2

loader access driver, 5.2.8.1

LOB datatypes, 1.2.6.2, 26.5

BFILE, 26.5.3

BLOBs, 26.5.1

CLOBs and NCLOBs, 26.5.2

local indexes, 16.4

bitmap indexes

on partitioned tables, 5.8.11.5

parallel query and DML, 5.8.11.1

locally managed tablespaces, 3.2.7.1

LOCK TABLE statement, 24.1.1.1

LOCK_SGA parameter, 8.2.11.1

locking

indexed foreign keys and, 21.3.4.4.2

unindexed foreign keys and, 21.3.4.4.1

locks, 13.1.2

after committing transactions, 4.2.1

automatic, 13.3, 13.3.3

conversion, 13.3.1.3

data, 13.3.4

duration of, 13.3.1

deadlocks, 13.3.2, 13.3.2.1

avoiding, 13.3.2.2

dictionary, 13.3.5

clusters and, 13.3.5.5

duration of, 13.3.5.4

dictionary cache, 13.3.6.2.1

DML acquired, 13.3.4.3.2

diagrammed, 13.3.4.3

escalation does not occur, 13.3.1.3

exclusive table locks (X), 13.3.4.2.5

file management locks, 13.3.6.2.2

how Oracle uses, 13.3

internal, 13.3.6

latches and, 13.3.6.1

log management locks, 13.3.6.2.2

manual, 13.3.7

object level locking, 25.2.1

Oracle Lock Management Services, 13.3.8

overview of, 13.1.2

parse, 13.3.5.3, 24.1.5.2.2

rollback segment, 13.3.6.2.3

row (TX), 13.3.4.1

row exclusive locks (RX), 13.3.4.2.2

row share table locks (RS), 13.3.4.2.1

share row exclusive locks (SRX), 13.3.4.2.4

share table locks (S), 13.3.4.2.3

share-subexclusive locks (SSX), 13.3.4.2.4

subexclusive table locks (SX), 13.3.4.2.2

subshare table locks (SS), 13.3.4.2.1

table (TM), 13.3.4.2

table lock modes, 13.3.4.2

tablespace, 13.3.6.2.3

types of, 13.3.3

uses for, 1.2.1.3

log entries, 1.1.3.3, 15.2.4.1.1

See also redo log files, 1.1.3.3

log management locks, 13.3.6.2.2

log switch

archiver process, 9.3.2.8

log writer process (LGWR), 9.3.2.2

group commits, 9.3.2.2

redo log buffers and, 8.2.5

starting new ARCn processes, 9.3.2.8

system change numbers, 4.2.1

write-ahead, 9.3.2.2

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES parameter, 9.3.2.8

LOG_BUFFER initialization parameter, 8.2.1

LOG_BUFFER parameter, 8.2.5

system global area size and, 8.2.1

Logfile Size Advisor, 14.8.2

logical backups

overview, 15.3.4

logical blocks, 2.1

logical database structures

definition, 1.1.4

tablespaces, 3.2

logical reads limit, 20.3.1.1.4

logical rowids, 26.7.3

index on index-organized table, 5.9.3

physical guesses, 5.9.3, 26.7.3

staleness of guesses, 26.7.3.2

statistics for guesses, 26.7.3.2

logical standby databases, 17.2.3.1.3

LONG datatype

automatically the last column, 5.2.1.3

defined, 26.2.7

storage of, 5.2.1.3

LONG RAW datatype, 26.6

indexing prohibited on, 26.6

similarity to LONG datatype, 26.6

LRU, 8.2.4.1, 8.2.4.2, 9.3.2.1

dictionary cache, 7.2.1.2

shared SQL pool, 8.2.6.2.1, 8.2.6.5

M

maintenance window, 14.2.2

manual locking, 13.3.7

manual undo management, 15.2.4.1.2

map methods, 27.2.1.1.2

materialized view logs, 5.4.3

materialized views, 5.4

deallocating extents, 2.3.4.3

materialized view logs, 5.4.3

partitioned, 5.4, 18

refresh

job queue processes, 9.3.2.7

refreshing, 5.4.2

uses for, 16.3

MAX_SHARED_SERVERS parameter, 9.4.1.2

maximize availability, 17.2.3.1.1

maximize data protection, 17.2.3.1.1

maximize performance, 17.2.3.1.1

media failure

definition, 1.2.3.1

media recovery

complete, 15.2.1.1, 15.2.1.1

incomplete, 15.2.1.2

definition, 15.2.1.2

methods, 15.2.2

options, 15.2.1.2.2

overview, 15.2.1, 15.2.1.3, 15.2.1.3

using Recovery Manager, 15.2.2.1

using SQL*Plus, 15.2.2.2

memory

allocation for SQL statements, 8.2.6.5

content of, 8.1

cursors (statement handles), definition, 1.1.7.3.4

extended buffer cache (32-bit), 8.2.11.3

processes use of, 9.1

shared SQL areas, 8.2.6.2.1

software code areas, 8.5

stored procedures, 24.2.1.4.1

system global area (SGA)

allocation in, 8.2

initialization parameters, 8.2.11

locking into physical memory, 8.2.11.1

starting address, 8.2.11.2

MERGE statement, 24.1.1.1

message queuing

publish-subscribe support

event publication, 22.3.4.1

queue monitor process, 9.3.2.9

Messaging Gateway, 23.1

metadata

viewing, 7.4

methods

comparison methods, 27.2.1.1.2

constructor methods, 27.2.1.1.1

methods of object types, 27.2.1

map methods, 27.2.1.1.2

order methods, 27.2.1.1.2

purchase order example, 27.1.1, 27.2.1.1

MMAN process, 9.3.2.10

MMNL process, 9.3.2.10

MMON process, 9.3.2.10

mobile computing environment

materialized views, 5.4

modes

table lock, 13.3.4.2

monitoring user actions, 20.6

MTTR, 14.8.2

MTTR Advisor, 14.8.2

multiblock writes, 9.3.2.1

multimedia datatypes, 27.1.2

multiple-process systems (multiuser systems), 9.1.1

multiplexing

control files, 3.4.2

multithreaded server. See shared server

multiuser environments, 9.1.1

multiversion concurrency control, 13.2.2

mutating errors and triggers, 22.4.1

N

NCHAR datatype, 26.2.4.2

NCLOB datatype, 26.5.2

nested tables, 5.2.6, 27.2.2.2

index-organized tables, 5.9.1

key compression, 5.8.9.3

INSTEAD OF triggers, 27.6.4

updating in views, 27.6.4

network listener process

connection requests, 9.4, 9.4.1.1

networks

client/server architecture use of, 10.1

communication protocols, 9.6.2, 9.6.3

dispatcher processes and, 9.4, 9.4.1.1

drivers, 9.6.2

listener processes of, 9.4.1.1, 10.3.2

network authentication service, 20.2.2.1

Oracle Net Services, 10.3

NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter, 26.4

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter, 26.3.1

NOAUDIT statement, 24.1.1.2

locks, 13.3.5.2

nonprefixed indexes, 18.3.1

nonrepeatable reads, 13.2.6.1

nonunique indexes, 5.8.1

nonvolatile data, 16.1.1.3

NOREVERSE clause for indexes, 5.8.10

normalized tables, 5.5

NOT INSTANTIABLE types and methods, 27.3.2

NOT NULL constraints

constraint checking, 21.4

defined, 21.3.1

implied by PRIMARY KEY, 21.3.3.2

UNIQUE keys and, 21.3.2.3

NOVALIDATE con, 21.6

NOWAIT parameter

with savepoints, 4.2.3

nulls

as default values, 5.2.4

column order and, 5.2.1.3

converting to values, 5.2.3

defined, 5.2.3

foreign keys and, 21.3.4.2

how stored, 5.2.3

indexes and, 5.2.3, 5.8.4, 5.8.11.4

inequality in UNIQUE key, 21.3.2.3

non-null values for, 5.2.3

prohibited in primary keys, 21.3.3

prohibiting, 21.3.1

UNIQUE key constraints and, 21.3.2.3

unknown in comparisons, 5.2.3

NUMBER datatype, 26.3.1

internal format of, 26.3.1.1

rounding, 26.3.1

NVARCHAR2 datatype, 26.2.4.2

NVL function, 5.2.3

O

object cache

object views, 27.6.2

OCI, 25.2.1

Pro*C, 25.2.4

object identifiers

c, 5.8.9.3

collections

key compression, 5.9.1

object privileges, 20.3.2.2

object tables, 27.1.1, 27.2.1.2

row objects, 27.2.1.2.1

virtual object tables, 27.6

Object Type Translator (OTT)

overview, 25.2.3

object types, 27.1.1, 27.2.1

attributes of, 27.1.1, 27.2.1

column objects, 27.2.1.2.1

comparison methods for, 27.2.1.1.2

constructor methods for, 27.2.1.1.1

locking in cache, 25.2.1

methods of, 27.2.1

purchase order example, 27.1.1, 27.2.1.1

object views, 5.3.6

Oracle Type Translator, 25.2.3

purchase order example, 27.1.1

row objects, 27.2.1.2.1

object views, 5.3.6

advantages of, 27.6.1

modifiability, 22.3.3.1

nested tables, 27.6.4

updating, 27.6.3

use of INSTEAD OF triggers with, 27.6.3

OCBC, 25.3.1

OCCI

associative relational API, 25.2.2.1

navigational interface, 25.2.2.2

overview, 25.2.2

OCI, 9.6.1, 9.6.1

anonymous blocks, 24.2.1.1.2

bind variables, 24.1.5.2.6

OCIObjectFlush, 27.6.2

OCIObjectPin, 27.6.2

overview, 25.2.1

ODP.NET, 25.3.3

online redo logs

checkpoints, 3.4.1

online transaction processing (OLTP)

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

OO4O, 25.3.2

OO4O Automation Server, 25.3.2.1

Open database connectivity, 25.3.1

OPEN_CURSORS parameter, 24.1.2

managing private SQL areas, 8.3.1.1.1

operating systems

authentication by, 20.2.1

block size, 2.2

communications software, 9.6.3

privileges for administrator, 12.1.2

roles and, 20.3.3.3

security in, 20.5.1.3

optimization

function-based indexes, 5.8.5.2

index build, 5.8

query rewrite

in security policies, 20.4.1.1

optimization of free space in data blocks, 2.2.2.1

optimizer, 24.1.6

Oracle

adherence to standards

integrity constraints, 21.2

client/server architecture of, 10.1

configurations of, 9.1, 9.1.2

multiple-process Oracle, 9.1.1, 9.1.2

instances, 12.1

processes of, 9.3

scalability of, 10.1

SQL processing, 24.1.5

Oracle blocks, 2.1

Oracle Call Interface See OCI

Oracle Certificate Authority, 20.2.2.2

Oracle code, 9.1, 9.6

Oracle Data Provider for .NET, 25.3.3

Oracle Data Pump API, 11.3

Oracle Enterprise Login Assistant, 20.2.2.2

Oracle Enterprise Manager. See Enterprise Manager

Oracle Enterprise Security Manager, 20.2.2.2

Oracle Forms

object dependencies and, 6.5.2.3

PL/SQL, 24.2.1.1.2

Oracle interMedia, 19.6

Oracle Internet Directory, 10.3.2.1, 20.2.2.2

Oracle Net Services, 10.3

client/server systems use of, 10.3

overview, 10.3

shared server requirement, 9.4, 9.4.1.1

Oracle Objects for OLE, 25.3.2

Oracle processes

definition, 1.1.7.6.2

Oracle program interface (OPI), 9.6.1, 9.6.1

Oracle Spatial, 19.7

Oracle Streams, 23.1, 23.3.1

Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing, 23.1

Oracle Text, 19.4, 19.5

Oracle Transparent Gateways, 23.1, 23.4.2

Oracle Ultra Search, 19.5

Oracle Wallet Manager, 20.2.2.2

Oracle wallets, 20.2.2.2

Oracle XA

session memory in the large pool, 8.2.7

Oracle-managed files, 14.6.2

ORBn process, 9.3.2.10

order methods, 27.2.1.1.2

OSMB process, 9.3.2.10

OTT. See Object Type Translator (OTT)

P

packages, 24.2.1.5

advantages of, 24.2.1.5.1

as program units, definition, 1.3.2.1

dynamic SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

executing, 24.2.1.1.2

for locking, 13.3.8

private, 24.2.1.5.1

public, 24.2.1.5.1

session state and, 6.2.1.4

shared SQL areas and, 8.2.6.3

pages, 2.1

parallel access

to external tables, 5.2.8.3

parallel DML

bitmap indexes, 5.8.11.1, 16.4

parallel execution, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

coordinator, 16.5.1

of table functions, 24.2.1.4.7

process classification, 18.4.2, 18.4.3

server, 16.5.1

servers, 16.5.1

tuning, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

parallel query

bitmap indexes, 5.8.11.1, 16.4

parallel SQL, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

coordinator process, 16.5.1

server processes, 16.5.1

parameter

server, 12.1.3

parameter files

definition, 1.1.3.5

parameters

initialization, 12.1.3

locking behavior, 13.3.3

storage, 2.2.3, 2.3.2

parse trees

construction of, 24.1.4

in shared SQL area, 8.2.6.2.1

parsing, 24.1.5.2.2

DBMS_SQL package, 24.2.1.2.4

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

parse calls, 24.1.4

parse locks, 13.3.5.3, 24.1.5.2.2

performed, 24.1.4

SQL statements, 24.1.5.2.2, 24.2.1.2.4

partitions, 1.2.5.10, 17.2.2.2, 18.1

bitmap indexes, 5.8.11.5

dynamic partitioning, 16.5.1

hash partitioning, 18.2.3

materialized views, 5.4, 18

nonprefixed indexes, 18.3.1

segments, 2.4.1, 2.4.2

passwords

account locking, 20.2.3.2

administrator privileges, 12.1.2

complexity verification, 20.2.3.4

connecting with, 9.2.1

connecting without, 20.2.1

database user authentication, 20.2.3

encrypted

database, 20.5.3.1

encryption, 20.2.3.1

password files, 20.2.6

password reuse, 20.2.3.3

security policy for users, 20.5.3.1

used in roles, 20.3.3

PCTFREE storage parameter

how it works, 2.2.3.1

PCTUSED and, 2.2.3.2.1

PCTUSED storage parameter

how it works, 2.2.3.2

PCTFREE and, 2.2.3.2.1

performance

constraint effects on, 21.2.1.5

dynamic performance tables (V$), 7.3

group commits, 9.3.2.2

index build, 5.8

packages, 24.2.1.5.1

resource limits and, 20.3.1

sort operations, 3.2.11

PGA Advisor, 14.5

PGA. See program global area (PGA)

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET initialization parameter, 8.3.3

phantom reads, 13.2.6.1

physical database structures

control files, 3.4

datafiles, 3.3

physical guesses in logical rowids, 26.7.3

staleness, 26.7.3.2

statistics for, 26.7.3.2

physical standby databases, 17.2.3.1.2

pipelined table functions, 24.2.1.4.7

PKI, 20.2.2.2

plan

SQL execution, 24.1.1.1, 24.1.5.2.2

PL/SQL, 24.2.1

anonymous blocks, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.4.3

auditing of statements within, 20.6.1.1.6

database triggers, 22

datatypes, 26.1

dynamic SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

exception handling, 24.2.1.2.3

executing, 24.2.1.1.2

external procedures, 24.2.1.4.6

gateway, 24.2.1.7

language constructs, 24.2.1.2

native execution, 24.2.1.1.2

object views, 27.6.2

overview of, 24.2.1

packages, 24.2.1.5

parse locks, 13.3.5.3

parsing DDL statements, 24.2.1.2.4

PL/SQL engine, 24.2.1.1.2

products containing, 24.2.1.1.2

program units, 8.2.6.3, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.3

compiled, 24.2.1.1.2, 24.2.1.4.3

shared SQL areas and, 8.2.6.3

stored procedures, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.4, 24.2.1.4

user locks, 13.3.8

PL/SQL Server Pages, 24.2.1.7

PMON background process, 9.3.2.5, 10.3.2.1

point-in-time recovery

clone database, 12.2.2.3

precompilers

anonymous blocks, 24.2.1.1.2, 24.2.1.1.2

bind variables, 24.1.5.2.6, 24.1.5.2.6

cursors, 24.1.5.2.1, 24.1.5.2.1

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6, 24.1.1.6

predicates

dynamic

in security policies, 20.4.1.1

prefixes of data dictionary views, 7.2.2

PRIMARY KEY constraints, 21.3.3

constraint checking, 21.4

described, 21.3.3

indexes used to enforce, 21.3.3.2

name of, 21.3.3.2

maximum number of columns, 21.3.3.2

NOT NULL constraints implied by, 21.3.3.2

primary keys, 21.3.3.1

advantages of, 21.3.3.1

defined, 21.1.1.3

private SQL areas

cursors and, 8.3.1.1.1

described, 8.2.6.2

how managed, 8.3.1.1.1

privileges

administrator, 12.1.2

application developers and, 20.5.3.4.1

checked when parsing, 24.1.5.2.2

definition, 20.1.2

function-based indexes, 5.8.5.3, 5.8.5.3.2

overview of, 20.3.2

policies for managing, 20.5.3.1

revoked

object dependencies and, 6.2.1.5

roles, 20.3.3

schema object, 20.3.2.2

system, 20.3.2.1

to start up or shut down a database, 12.1.2

Pro*C Precompiler

overview, 25.2.4

Pro*C++ Precompiler

overview, 25.2.4

Pro*C/C++

processing SQL statements, 24.1.5.2

Pro*COBOL Precompiler, 25.4.1

Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler, 25.4.2

procedures, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.3, 24.2.1.4

advantages of, 24.2.1.4.1

contrasted with anonymous blocks, 24.2.1.4.3

contrasted with functions, 24.2.1.4

cursors and, 24.2.1.2.2

dependency tracking in, 6.2.1.2

executing, 24.2.1.1.2

external procedures, 24.2.1.4.6

INVALID status, 6.2.1.2

prerequisites for compilation of, 6.2.1

security enhanced by, 24.2.1.4.1

shared SQL areas and, 8.2.6.3

stored procedures, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.1.2, 24.2.1.4

process monitor process (PMON)

cleans up timed-out sessions, 20.3.1.1.5

described, 9.3.2.5

processes, 9.1

archiver (ARCn), 9.3.2.8

background, 9.3.2

diagrammed, 9.3.2

checkpoint (CKPT), 9.3.2.3

checkpoints and, 9.3.2.1

classes of parallel execution, 18.4.2, 18.4.3

dedicated server, 9.4.1.2

distributed transaction resolution, 9.3.2.6

job queue, 9.3.2.7

listener, 9.4.1.1, 10.3.2

shared servers and, 9.4

log writer (LGWR), 9.3.2.2

multiple-process Oracle, 9.1.1

Oracle, 9.3

Oracle, definition, 1.1.7.6.2

parallel execution coordinator, 16.5.1

parallel execution servers, 16.5.1

process monitor (PMON), 9.3.2.5

queue monitor (QMNn), 9.3.2.9

recoverer (RECO), 9.3.2.6

server, 9.3.1

dedicated, 9.5

shared, 9.4.1.1, 9.4.1.2

shadow, 9.5

shared server, 9.4

client requests and, 9.4.1

structure, 9.1

system monitor (SMON), 9.3.2.4

trace files for, 9.3.3

user, 9.2

recovery from failure of, 9.3.2.5

sharing server processes, 9.4.1.1

processing

DDL statements, 24.1.5.3

distributed, definition, 1.1.2.1

DML statements, 24.1.5.2

overview, 24.1.5

parallel SQL, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

queries, 24.1.5.2.3

profiles

user, definition, 20.1.4.4

when to use, 20.3.1.2.1

program global area (PGA), 8.3

definition

shared server, 9.4.1.2

shared servers, 9.4.1.2

program interface, 9.6

Oracle side (OPI), 9.6.1

structure of, 9.6.1

user side (UPI), 9.6.1

program units, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.3

prerequisites for compilation of, 6.2.1

shared pool and, 8.2.6.3

protection modes, 17.2.3.1.1

pseudocode

triggers, 22.4.3

pseudocolumns

CHECK constraints prohibit

LEVEL and ROWNUM, 21.3.5.1

modifying views, 22.3.3.2

ROWID, 26.7.1

PSP. See PL/SQL Server Pages

public key infrastructure, 20.2.2.2

publication

DDL statements, 22.3.4.4.2

DML statements, 22.3.4.4.3

logon/logoff events, 22.3.4.4.1

system events

server errors, 22.3.4.3

startup/shutdown, 22.3.4.3

using triggers, 22.3.4

publish-subscribe support

event publication, 22.3.4.1

triggers, 22.3.4

purchase order example

object types, 27.1.1

Q

queries

composite indexes, 5.8.2

default locking of, 13.3.4.3.1

define phase, 24.1.5.2.5

describe phase, 24.1.5.2.4

fetching rows, 24.1.5.2.3

in DML, 24.1.1.1

inline views, 5.3.7

merged with view queries, 5.3.3

parallel processing, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

phases of, 13.2.1

processing, 24.1.5.2.3

read consistency of, 13.2.2

stored as views, 5.3

temporary segments and, 2.4.3.1, 24.1.5.2.3

triggers use of, 22.4.2

query rewrite

dynamic predicates in security policies, 20.4.1.1

queue monito, 9.3.2.9

queuing

publish-subscribe support

event publication, 22.3.4.1

queue monitor process, 9.3.2.9

quiesce database, 13.2.7.3

uses for, 1.2.1.4

quotas

tablespace, definition, 20.1.4.3

R

RADIUS, 20.2.2.3

RAW datatype, 26.6

RBAL process, 9.3.2.10

read committed isolation, 13.2.5.2

read consistency, 13.1.1, 13.2.1

Cache Fusion, 13.2.4

definition, 1.2.1.2

dirty read, 13.1.1, 13.2.6.1

multiversion consistency model, 13.2.1

nonrepeatable read, 13.2.6.1

phantom read, 13.2.6.1

queries, 13.2.1, 24.1.5.2.3

Real Application Clusters, 13.2.4

statement level, 13.2.2

subqueries in DML, 13.2.7.2

transactions, 13.2.1, 13.2.3

triggers and, 22.4, 22.4.2

read snapshot time, 13.2.6.1

read uncommitted, 13.1.1

readers block writers, 13.2.6.1

read-only

databases

opening, 12.2.3.4

tablespaces, 3.2.10

transactions, definition, 1.2.1.2.2

reads

data block

limits on, 20.3.1.1.4

dirty, 13.1.1

repeatable, 13.2.3

Real Application Clusters

databases and instances, 12.1.1

isolation levels, 13.2.6.3

mounting a database using, 12.2.2.1

read consistency, 13.2.4

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

system change numbers, 9.3.2.2

system monitor process and, 9.3.2.4

temporary tablespaces, 3.2.11

recoverer process (RECO), 9.3.2.6

in-doubt transactions, 4.2.5, 12.2.3.3

recovery

basic steps, 15.2.4.1.2

block-level recovery, 13.3.4.1

complete, 15.2.1.1

crash, 15.2.4.2

database buffers and, 15.2.4.1

distributed processing in, 9.3.2.6

general overview, 1.2.3

incomplete, 15.2.1.2

instance, 15.2.4.2

instance failure, 12.3.1.1, 12.3.1.1

instance recovery

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

media, 15.2.1.3, 15.2.1.3

media recovery

dispatcher processes, 9.4.2

methods, 15.2.2

of distributed transactions, 12.2.3.3

opening a database, 12.2.3.1, 12.2.3.1

overview of, 15.2.4.1

point-in-time

clone database, 12.2.2.3

process recovery, 9.3.2.5

required after terminating instance, 12.3.1.1, 12.3.1.1

rolling back transactions, 15.2.4.1.2

rolling forward, 15.2.4.1.1

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

tablespace

point-in-time, 15.2.1.2.1

transaction, 15.2.4.1.2

types, 15.2.1.2.2

using Recovery Manager, 15.2.2.1

using SQL*Plus, 15.2.2.2

Recovery Manager, 14.8.1

recursive SQL

cursors and, 24.1.2

redo log buffers

definition, 1.1.7.3.2

redo logs, 15.2.4.1.1

archiver process (ARCn), 9.3.2.8

buffer management, 9.3.2.2

buffers, 8.2.5

circular buffer, 9.3.2.2

committed data, 15.2.4.1, 15.2.4.1.1

committing a transaction, 9.3.2.2

definition, 1.2.3.2.1

entries, 15.2.4.1.1

files named in control file, 3.4.1

log sequence numbers

recorded in control file, 3.4.1

log switch

archiver process, 9.3.2.8

log writer process, 8.2.5, 9.3.2.2

multiplexed, definition, 1.1.3.3

overview, 1.1.3.3

rolling forward, 15.2.4.1, 15.2.4.1.1

rolling forward and, 15.2.4.1.1

size of buffers, 8.2.5

uncommitted data, 15.2.4.1.1

when temporary segments in, 2.4.3.3.1

writing buffers, 9.3.2.2

written before transaction commit, 9.3.2.2

redo records

how Oracle applies, 15.2

referenced

keys, 21.3.4

objects

dependencies, 6.1

referential integrity, 13.2.6.3, 21.3.4, 21.3.4

cascade rule, 21.1.1.4

examples of, 21.4

PRIMARY KEY constraints, 21.3.3

restrict rule, 21.1.1.4

self-referential constraints, 21.3.4.1, 21.4

set to default rule, 21.1.1.4

set to null rule, 21.1.1.4

refresh

incremental, 5.4.2

job queue processes, 9.3.2.7

materialized views, 5.4.2

REFs

dangling, 27.2.1.5.2, 27.2.1.5.3

dereferencing of, 27.2.1.5.3

implicit dereferencing of, 27.2.1.5.3

pinning, 27.6.2

scoped, 27.2.1.5.1

relational database management system (RDBMS)

SQL, 24.1

remote dependencies, 6.5.2

REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE parameter, 6.5.2.1

RENAME statement, 24.1.1.2

repeatable reads, 13.1.1

replication

materialized views (snapshots), 5.4

reserved words, 24.1.1

resource allocation, 1.2.2.6

methods, 14.10.1.1

resource consumer groups

definition, 14.10.1.1

resource limits

call level, 20.3.1.1.2

connect time for each session, 20.3.1.1.5

CPU time limit, 20.3.1.1.3

determining values for, 20.3.1.2.2

idle time in each session, 20.3.1.1.5

logical reads limit, 20.3.1.1.4

number of sessions for each user, 20.3.1.1.5

private SGA space for each session, 20.3.1.1.5

resource plan directives

definition, 14.10.1.1

resource plans

definition, 14.10.1.1

response queues, 9.4.1

restricted mode

starting instances in, 12.2.1.1

restricted rowid format, 26.7.2.2

resumable space allocation

overview, 4.1.3

REVERSE clause for indexes, 5.8.10

reverse key indexes, 5.8.10

REVOKE statement, 24.1.1.2

locks, 13.3.5.2

rewrite

predicates in security policies, 20.4.1.1

RMAN, 14.8.1

roles, 20.3.3

application, 20.3.3.1.1

application developers and, 20.5.3.4.1

definition, 20.1.3

enabled or disabled, 20.3.3.2

functionality, 20.3.2

in applications, 20.3.3

managing through operating system, 20.3.3.3

naming, 20.3.3

schemas do not contain, 20.3.3

security and, 20.5.3.2

use of passwords with, 20.3.3

user, 20.3.3.1.2

uses of, 20.3.3.1

rollback, 4.2.2

definition, 1.3.5

described, 4.2.2

ending a transaction, 4.1, 4.2.2

statement-level, 4.1.2

to a savepoint, 4.2.3

rollback segments

acquired during startup, 12.2.3.2

locks on, 13.3.6.2.3

parallel recovery, 15.2.4.1.2

read consistency and, 13.2.1

use of in recovery, 15.2.4.1.2

ROLLBACK statement, 24.1.1.3

rolling back, 4.1, 4.2.2, 15.2.4.1.2

rolling forward during recovery, 15.2.4.1.1, 15.2.4.1.1

row cache, 8.2.6.4

row data (section of data block), 2.2.1.5

row directories, 2.2.1.3

row locking, 13.2.6.2, 13.3.4.1

block-level recovery, 13.3.4.1

serializable transactions and, 13.2.5.3

row objects, 27.2.1.2.1

row pieces, 5.2.1.1

headers, 5.2.1.1

how identified, 5.2.1.2

row triggers, 22.3, 22.3.1.1

when fired, 22.4.1

ROWID datatype, 26.7, 26.7.2

extended rowid format, 26.7.2.1

restricted rowid format, 26.7.2.2

rowids, 5.2.1.2

accessing, 26.7.1

changes in, 26.7.2

in non-Oracle databases, 26.7.4

internal use of, 26.7.1, 26.7.2.4

logical, 26.7

logical rowids, 26.7.3

index on index-organized table, 5.9.3

physical guesses, 5.9.3, 26.7.3

staleness of guesses, 26.7.3.2

statistics for guesses, 26.7.3.2

of clustered rows, 5.2.1.2

physical, 26.7

row migration, 2.2.2.2

sorting indexes by, 5.8.6.2

universal, 26.7

row-level locking, 13.2.6.1, 13.3.4.1

rows, 5.2

addresses of, 5.2.1.2

chaining across blocks, 2.2.2.2, 5.2.1.1

clustered, 5.2.1.1

rowids of, 5.2.1.2

described, 5.2

fetched, 24.1.5.2.3

format of in data blocks, 2.2.1.3

headers, 5.2.1.1

locking, 13.2.6.2, 13.3.4.1

locks on, 13.3.4.1, 13.3.4.2.1

logical rowids, 26.7.3

index-organized tables, 5.9.3

migrating to new block, 2.2.2.2

pieces of, 5.2.1.1

row objects, 27.2.1.2.1

row-level security, 20.4.1

shown in rowids, 26.7.2.1, 26.7.2.2

size of, 5.2.1.1

storage format of, 5.2.1.1

triggers on, 22.3.1.1

when rowid changes, 26.7.2

S

same-row writers block writers, 13.2.6.1

SAVEPOINT statement, 24.1.1.3

savepoints, 4.2.3

described, 4.2.3

implicit, 4.1.2

rolling back to, 4.2.3

scalability

client/server architecture, 10.1

parallel SQL execution, 16.5

scans

full table

LRU algorithm, 8.2.4.2

table scan and CACHE clause, 8.2.4.2

Scheduler

overview, 14.12

schema object privileges, 20.3.2.2

schema objects, 5

definition, 1.1.5

dependencies of, 6.1

and distributed databases, 6.5.2.2

and views, 5.3.4

on non-existence of other objects, 6.3

triggers manage, 22.4

dependent on lost privileges, 6.2.1.5

dimensions, 5.5

information in data dictionary, 7.1

list of, 5.1

materialized views, 5.4

privileges on, 20.3.2.2

relationship to datafiles, 3.3.1, 5.1

trigger dependencies on, 22.4.5

user-defined types, 27.2

schemas

contents of, 5.1

contrasted with tablespaces, 5.1

definition of, 5.1

SCN. See system change numbers

scoped REFs, 27.2.1.5.1

Secure Sockets Layer, 20.5.1.2

security, 20.1

accessing a database, 20.5.1

administrator of, 20.5.1

administrator privileges, 12.1.1

application developers and, 20.5.3.4

application enforcement of, 20.3.3

auditing, 20.6, 20.6.1.1.3

auditing policies, 20.5.5

authentication of users, 20.5.1.2

data, 20.5.2, 20.5.2

data, definition, 1.2.7

database security, 20.5.1

database users and, 20.5.1.1

discretionary access control, 20.1

discretionary access control, definition, 1.2.7.1

domains, definition, 20.1.1.1

dynamic predicates, 20.4.1.1

enforcement mechanisms listed, 1.2.7.1

fine-grained access control, 20.4.1

general users, 20.5.3.1

level of, 20.5.2

operating-system security and the database, 20.5.1.3

passwords, 20.2.3

policies

implementing, 20.4.2

policies for database administrators, 20.5.3.3

privilege management policies, 20.5.3.1

privileges, 20.5.1

program interface enforcement of, 9.6

roles to force security, 20.5.3.2

security policies, 20.4.1

system, 7.1.2

system, definition, 1.2.7

test databases, 20.5.3.4.1

views and, 5.3.2

security domains

definition, 20.1.1.1

enabled roles and, 20.3.3.2

Segment Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.6.6

segment shrink, 14.6.6

segment space management, automatic, 2.2.2

segments, 2.4

data, 2.4.1

data, definition, 1.1.4.4

deallocating extents from, 2.3.4, 2.3.4

defined, 2.1

definition, 1.1.4.4

header block, 2.3.1

index, 2.4.2

overview of, 2.4

temporary, 2.4.3, 5.2.7.1

allocating, 2.4.3

cleaned up by SMON, 9.3.2.4

dropping, 2.3.4.5

operations that require, 2.4.3.1

tablespace containing, 2.4.3.3.1

SELECT statement

composite indexes, 5.8.2

SELECT statements, 24.1.1.1

subqueries, 24.1.5.2.3

sequences, 5.6

CHECK constraints prohibit, 21.3.5.1

independence from tables, 5.6

length of numbers, 5.6

number generation, 5.6

server parameter file, 12.1.3

startup, 1.1.8.2, 12.2.1

server processes, 9.3.1

listener process and, 10.3.2

server-generated alerts, 14.2.3

servers

client/server architecture, 10.1

dedicated, 9.5

shared servers contrasted with, 9.4

in client/server architecture, definition, 1.1.2.1.2

shared

architecture, 9.1.2, 9.4

dedicated servers contrasted with, 9.4

processes of, 9.4, 9.4.1.2

server-side scripts, 24.2.1.7

service names, 10.3.2

SERVICE_NAMES parameter, 10.3.2.1

session control statements, 24.1.1.4

sessions

connections contrasted with, 9.2.1

defined, 9.2.1

limits for each user, 20.3.1.1.5

memory allocation in the large pool, 8.2.7

package state and, 6.2.1.4

time limits on, 20.3.1.1.5

when auditing options take effect, 20.6.1.1.6

SET CONSTRAINTS statement

DEFERRABLE or IMMEDIATE, 21.5.2

SET ROLE statement, 24.1.1.4

SET TRANSACTION statement, 24.1.1.3

ISOLATION LEVEL, 13.2.5.1, 13.3.7

SGA. See system global area

SGA_MAX_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.10

shadow processes, 9.5

share locks

share table locks (S), 13.3.4.2.3

shared global area (SGA), 8.2

shared pool, 8.2.6

allocation of, 8.2.6.5

ANALYZE statement, 8.2.6.5

definition, 1.1.7.3.3

dependency management and, 8.2.6.5

described, 8.2.6

flushing, 8.2.6.5

object dependencies and, 6.4

row cache and, 8.2.6.4

size of, 8.2.6

Shared Pool Advisor, 14.5

shared server, 9.4

dedicated server contrasted with, 9.4

described, 9.1.2, 9.4

dispatcher processes, 9.4.1.1

limiting private SQL areas, 20.3.1.1.5

Oracle Net Services or SQL*Net V2 requirement, 9.4, 9.4.1.1

private SQL areas, 8.3.1.1

processes, 9.4.1.2, 9.4.1.2

processes needed for, 9.4

restricted operations in, 9.4.2

session memory in the large pool, 8.2.7

shared server processes (Snnn), 9.4.1.2

described, 9.4.1.2

shared SQL areas, 8.2.6.2, 24.1.3

ANALYZE statement, 8.2.6.5

definition, 1.1.7.3.3

dependency management and, 8.2.6.5

described, 8.2.6.2

loading SQL into, 24.1.5.2.2

overview of, 24.1.3

parse locks and, 13.3.5.3

procedures, packages, triggers and, 8.2.6.3

size of, 8.2.6.2.1

SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS parameter, 8.2.11.2

SHARED_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter, 8.2.1

SHARED_POOL_SIZE parameter, 8.2.6

system global area size and, 8.2.1

SHARED_SERVERS parameter, 9.4.1.2

shutdown, 12.3, 12.3.3

abnormal, 12.2.1.2, 12.3.3.1

deallocation of the SGA, 8.2

prohibited by dispatcher processes, 9.4.2

steps, 12.3

SHUTDOWN ABORT statement, 12.3.3.1

consistent whole database backups, 15.1.1.1

signature checking, 6.5.2.1

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES parameter, 5.8.5.3.3

SMON background process, 9.3.2.4

SMON process, 9.3.2.4

software code areas, 8.5

shared by programs and utilities, 8.5

sort operations, 3.2.11

sort segments, 3.2.11.1

SORT_AREA_SIZE parameter, 2.4.3.1

space management

extents, 2.3

optimization of free space in blocks, 2.2.2.1

PCTFREE, 2.2.3.1

PCTUSED, 2.2.3.2

row chaining, 2.2.2.2

segments, 2.4

SQL, 24.1

cursors used in, 24.1.2

data definition language (DDL), 24.1.1.2

data manipulation language (DML), 24.1.1.1

dynamic SQL, 24.2.1.2.4

embedded, 24.1.1.6

user-defined datatypes, 25.2.4

functions, 24.1

COUNT, 5.8.11.4

in CHECK constraints, 21.3.5.1

NVL, 5.2.3

memory allocation for, 8.2.6.5

overview of, 24.1

parallel execution, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

parsing of, 24.1.4

PL/SQL and, 24.2.1

recursive

cursors and, 24.1.2

reserved words, 24.1.1

session control statements, 24.1.1.4

shared SQL, 24.1.3

statement-level rollback, 4.1.2

system control statements, 24.1.1.5

transaction control statements, 24.1.1.3

transactions and, 4.1, 4.2.1

types of statements in, 24.1.1

user-defined datatypes

embedded SQL, 25.2.4

OCI, 25.2.1

SQL areas

private, 8.2.6.2

shared, 8.2.6.2, 24.1.3

shared, definition, 1.1.7.3.3

SQL statements, 24.1.1, 24.1.5.1

array processing, 24.1.5.2.8

auditing

when records generated, 20.6.1.1.6

creating cursors, 24.1.5.2.1

dictionary cache locks and, 13.3.6.2.1

distributed

routing to nodes, 24.1.5.2.2

embedded, 24.1.1.6

execution, 24.1.5.1, 24.1.5.2.8

handles, definition, 1.1.7.3.4

number of triggers fired by single, 22.4.1

parallel execution, 1.2.5.6, 16.5

parse locks, 13.3.5.3

parsing, 24.1.5.2.2

privileges required for, 20.3.2.2

referencing dependent objects, 6.2

resource limits and, 20.3.1.1.2

successful execution, 4.1.1

transactions, 24.1.5.4

triggers on, 22.3.1.2

triggering events, 22.2.1

types of, 24.1.1

SQL Tuning Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.4

SQL*Menu

PL/SQL, 24.2.1.1.2

SQL*Plus, 1.2.2.3

ALERT file, 9.3.3

anonymous blocks, 24.2.1.1.2

connecting with, 20.2.1

executing a package, 24.2.1.5

executing a procedure, 24.2.1.4

lock and latch monitors, 13.3.6

session variables, 24.2.1.2.1

SQL statements, 24.1

statistics monitor, 20.3.1.2.2

SQL_TRACE parameter, 9.3.3

SQL92, 13.1.1

SQL-99 extensions, 1.2.5.8

SQLAccess Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.4

SQLJ, 24.2.2.7.4

object types, 24.2.2.7.4

SQLLIB, 25.2.4

SSL. See Secure Sockets Layer.

staging

databases, 16.1.1.4

files, 16.1.1.4

standards

ANSI/ISO, 21.2

isolation levels, 13.1.1, 13.2.6.1

integrity constraints, 21.2

standby database

mounting, 12.2.2.2

startup, 1.1.8.2, 12.1, 12.2

allocation of the SGA, 8.2

starting a, 8.2.11.2

forcing, 12.2.1.2

prohibited by dispatcher processes, 9.4.2

restricted mode, 12.2.1.1

steps, 1.1.8.2, 12.2

statement failure

definition, 1.2.3.1

statement triggers, 22.3

described, 22.3.1.2

when fired, 22.4.1

statement-level read consistency, 13.2.2

statistics

checkpoint, 9.3.2.3

storage

datafiles, 3.3

indexes, 5.8.6

logical structures, 3.2, 5.1

nulls, 5.2.3

triggers, 22.1, 22.4.3

view definitions, 5.3.3

STORAGE clause

using, 2.3.2

storage parameters

setting, 2.3.2

stored functions, 24.2.1.3, 24.2.1.4

stored outlines, 24.1.6.1.1

editing, 24.1.6.1.2

stored procedures, 24.2.1, 24.2.1.3, 24.2.1.4

calling, 24.2.1.4

contrasted with anonymous blocks, 24.2.1.4.3

triggers contrasted with, 22.1

variables and constants, 24.2.1.2.1

streams pool, 8.2.9

Structured Query Language (SQL), 24.1

structures

data blocks

shown in rowids, 26.7.2.2

data dictionary, 7

datafiles

shown in rowids, 26.7.2.2

locking, 13.3.5

logical, 2

data blocks, 2, 2.2

extents, 2.1, 2.3

schema objects, 5.1

segments, 2.1, 2.4

tablespaces, 3, 3.2

memory, 8

physical

control files, 3.4

datafiles, 3, 3.3

processes, 9

subqueries, 24.1.5.2.3

CHECK constraints prohibit, 21.3.5.1

in DML statements

serializable isolation, 13.2.7.2

inline views, 5.3.7

query processing, 24.1.5.2.3

summaries, 5.4

synonyms

constraints indirectly affect, 21.2

described, 1.1.5.5, 5.7

for data dictionary views, 7.2.1.1

inherit privileges from object, 20.3.2.2

private, 5.7

public, 5.7

uses of, 5.7

SYS account

policies for protecting, 20.5.3.3.1

SYS user name

data dictionary tables owned by, 7.1.2

SYS username

V$ views, 7.3

SYSDBA privilege, 12.1.2

SYSOPER privilege, 12.1.2

SYSTEM account

policies for protecting, 20.5.3.3.1

system change numbers (SCN)

committed transactions, 4.2.1

defined, 4.2.1

read consistency and, 13.2.1, 13.2.2

redo logs, 9.3.2.2

when determined, 13.2.1

system control statements, 24.1.1.5

system global area (SGA), 8.2

allocating, 1.1.8.2, 12.2.1

contents of, 8.2

data dictionary cache, 7.2.1.2, 8.2.6.4

database buffer cache, 8.2.4

definition, 1.1.7.3

diagram, 12.1

fixed, 8.2

large pool, 8.2.7

limiting private SQL areas, 20.3.1.1.5

overview of, 8.2

redo log buffer, 4.2.1, 8.2.5

rollback segments and, 4.2.1

shared and writable, 8.2

shared pool, 8.2.6

size of

variable parameters, 12.1.3

when allocated, 8.2

system monitor process (SMON), 9.3.2.4

defined, 9.3.2.4

Real Application Clusters and, 9.3.2.4

rolling back transactions, 15.2.4.1.2

temporary segment cleanup, 9.3.2.4

system privileges, 20.3.2.1

described, 20.3.2.1

system security

definition, 1.2.7

SYSTEM tablespace, 3.2.2

data dictionary stored in, 3.2.2.1, 7.1, 7.2.2

locally managed, 1.1.4.1, 3.2.2

online requirement of, 3.2.9

procedures stored in, 3.2.2.2

T

table compression, 16.2.4

partitioning, 16.2.4

table functions, 24.2.1.4.7

parallel execution, 24.2.1.4.7

pipelined, 24.2.1.4.7

tables

affect dependent views, 6.2.1.1

base

relationship to views, 5.3.1

clustered, 5.11

clustered, definition, 1.1.5.4

controlling space allocation for, 5.2.1

directories, 2.2.1.2

DUAL, 7.2.2.4

dynamic partitioning, 16.5.1

enable or disable constraints, 21.6

external, 5.2.8, 11.6

full table scan and buffer cache, 8.2.4.2

how data is stored in, 5.2.1

indexes and, 5.8

index-organized

key compression in, 5.8.9.3, 5.9.1

index-organized tables, 5.9

logical rowi, 5.9.3

logical rowids, 26.7.3

integrity constraints, 21.1, 21.2

locks on, 13.3.4.1, 13.3.4.2.1, 13.3.4.2.4

maximum number of columns in, 5.3

nested tables, 5.2.6, 27.2.2.2

normalized or denormalized, 5.5

object tables, 27.1.1, 27.2.1.2

virtual, 27.6

overview of, 5.2

partitions, 1.2.5.10, 17.2.2.2, 18.1

presented in views, 5.3

temporary, 5.2.7

segments in, 2.4.3.2

validate or novalidate constraints, 21.6

virtual or viewed, 1.1.5.3

See also external tables

tablespace point-in-time recovery, 15.2.1.2.1

clone database, 12.2.2.3

tablespaces, 3.2

contrasted with schemas, 5.1

default for object creation, definition, 20.1.4.1

definition, 1.1.4.1

described, 3.2

dictionary managed, 3.2.7.3

locally managed, 3.2.7.1

locks on, 13.3.6.2.3

moving or copying to another database, 3.2.12.1

offline, 3.2.9, 3.3.3

and index data, 3.2.9.2

remain offline on remount, 3.2.9.1

online, 3.2.9, 3.3.3

online and offline distinguished, 1.1.4.1.1

online backups, 15.1.3.1

overview of, 3.2

quotas, definition, 20.1.4.3

read-only, 3.2.10

recovery, 15.2.1.2.1

relationship to datafiles, 3.1

size of, 3.1.2

space allocation, 3.2.7

temporary, 3.2.11

temporary, definition, 20.1.4.2

used for temporary segments, 2.4.3.3.1

tasks, 9.1

tempfiles, 3.3.4

temporary segments, 2.4.3.2, 2.4.3.3.1, 5.2.7.1

allocating, 2.4.3.3.1

allocation for queries, 2.4.3.3.1

deallocating extents from, 2.3.4.5

dropping, 2.3.4.5

operations that require, 2.4.3.1

tablespace containing, 2.4.3.3.1

when not in redo log, 2.4.3.3.1

temporary tables, 5.2.7

temporary tablespaces, 3.2.11

default, 3.2.5

definition, 20.1.4.2

threads

shared server, 9.4

three-valued logic (true, false, unknown)

produced by nulls, 5.2.3

time stamp checking, 6.5.2.1

time zones

in date/time columns, 26.4.5

TIMESTAMP datatype, 26.4.5

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 26.4.5

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 26.4.5

TO_CHAR function

globalization support default in CHECK constraints, 21.3.5.1

globalization support default in views, 5.3.3.1

Julian dates, 26.4.1

TO_DATE function, 26.4, 26.4

globalization support default in CHECK constraints, 21.3.5.1

globalization support default in views, 5.3.3.1

Julian dates, 26.4.1

TO_NUMBER function, 26.3.1

glob, 5.3.3.1

globalization support default in CHECK constraints, 21.3.5.1

Julian dates, 26.4.1

trace files, 9.3.3

definition, 1.1.3.6

LGWR trace file, 9.3.2.2

transaction control statements, 24.1.1.3

in autonomous PL/SQL blocks, 4.3.1.1

transaction recovery, 15.2.4.1.2

transaction set consistency, 13.2.6.1, 13.2.6.1

transaction tables

reset at recovery, 9.3.2.5

transactions, 4

assigning system change numbers, 4.2.1

autonomous, 4.3

within a PL/SQL block, 4.3.1

block-level recovery, 13.3.4.1

committing, 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 9.3.2.2

group commits, 9.3.2.2

committing, definition, 1.3.5.1

concurrency and, 13.3.1

controlling transactions, 24.1.5.4

deadlocks and, 4.1.2, 13.3.2

defining and controlling, 24.1.5.4

definition, 1.3.3

described, 4.1

distributed

deadlocks and, 13.3.2.1

resolving automatically, 9.3.2.6

two-phase commit, 4.2.5

end of, 4.2

consistent data, 24.1.5.4

in-doubt

resolving automatically, 4.2.5, 12.2.3.3

naming, 4.2.4

read consistency of, 13.2.3

read consistency, definition, 1.2.1.2.1

read-only, definition, 1.2.1.2.2

redo log files written before commit, 9.3.2.2

rolling back, 4.2.2

partially, 4.2.3

rolling back, definition, 1.3.5.1

savepoints in, 4.2.3

serializable, 13.2.5

space used in data blocks for, 2.2.1.6

start of, 4.2

statement level rollback and, 4.1.2

system change numbers, 9.3.2.2

terminating the application and, 4.2

transaction control statements, 24.1.1.3

triggers and, 22.4.2

transient type descriptions, 25.2.4.1

triggers, 1.2.8.3, 22

action, 22.2.3

timing of, 22.3.2

AFTER triggers, 22.3.2.2

BEFORE triggers, 22.3.2.1

cascading, 22.1.1.1

compared with Oracle Forms triggers, 22.1

constraints apply to, 22.4

constraints contrasted with, 22.1.1.2

data access and, 22.4.2

dependency management of, 6.2.1.2, 22.4.5

enabled triggers, 22.4

enabled or disabled, 22.4

enforcing data integrity with, 21.1.2.2

events, 22.2.1

firing (executing), 22.1, 22.4.4

privileges required, 22.4.4

steps involved, 22.4

timing of, 22.4.1

INSTEAD OF triggers, 22.3.3

object views and, 27.6.3

INVALID status, 6.2.1.2

Java, 22.2.3

parts of, 22.2

procedures contrasted with, 22.1

publish-subscribe support, 22.3.4

restrictions, 22.2.2

row, 22.3.1.1

schema object dependencies, 22.4, 22.4.5

sequence for firing multiple, 22.4.1

shared SQL areas and, 8.2.6.3

statement, 22.3.1.2

storage of, 22.4.3

types of, 22.3.1

UNKNOWN does not fire, 22.2.2

uses of, 22.1.1

TRUNCATE statement, 24.1.1.2

two-phase commit

transaction management, 4.2.5

triggers, 22.4

two-task mode

listener process and, 9.4.1.1

type descriptions

dynamic creation and access, 25.2.4.1

transient, 25.2.4.1

type inheritance, 27.3

U

UDAG (User-Defined Aggregate Functions), 27.4

UDAGs (User-Defined Aggregate Functions)

creation and use of, 27.5

Undo Advisor, 14.2.4, 14.6.1

undo management, automatic, 2.4.4

undo tablespaces, 3.2.4

Unicode, 26.2, 26.2.3, 26.2.4, 26.2.5, 26.5.2

unique indexes, 5.8.1

UNIQUE key constraints, 21.3.2

composite keys, 21.3.2.1, 21.3.2.3

constraint checking, 21.4

indexes used to enforce, 21.3.2.2

maximum number of columns, 21.3.2.2

NOT NULL constraints and, 21.3.2.3

nulls and, 21.3.2.3

size limit of, 21.3.2.2

unique keys, 21.3.2.1

composite, 21.3.2.1, 21.3.2.3

UNUSABLE indexes

function-based, 5.8.5.3.3

update no action constraint, 21.3.4.3

UPDATE statement, 24.1.1.1

foreign key references, 21.3.4.3.1

freeing space in data blocks, 2.2.2.1

triggers, 22.2.1

BEFORE triggers, 22.3.2.1

updates

object views, 27.6.3

updatability of object views, 27.6.3

updatability of views, 5.3.5, 22.3.3, 22.3.3.1

updatable join views, 5.3.5

update intensive environments, 13.2.5.3

updating tables

with parent keys, 21.3.4.4.1, 21.3.4.4.2

UROWID datatype, 26.7

USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS parameter, 8.2.11.3

user processes

connections and, 9.2.1

dedicated server processes and, 9.5

definition, 1.1.7.6.1

sessions and, 9.2.1

shared server processes and, 9.4.1.2

user profiles

definition, 20.1.4.4

user program interface (UPI), 9.6.1

USER_ views, 7.2.2.1

USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS view, 5.3.5

User-Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAGs)

creation and use of, 27.5

user-defined aggregate functions (UDAGs), 27.4

user-defined datatypes, 27, 27.2

collections, 27.2.2

nested tables, 27.2.2.2

variable arrays (VARRAYs), 27.2.2.1

object types, 27.1.1, 27.2.1

users

authentication

about, 20.5.1.2

authentication of, 20.2

dedicated servers and, 9.5

end-user security policies, 20.5.3.2

listed in data dictionary, 7.1

locks, 13.3.8

multiuser environments, 9.1.1

password encryption, 20.2.3.1

password security, 20.5.3.1

policies for managing privileges, 20.5.3.1

processes of, 9.2

profiles of, 20.3.1.2

roles and, 20.3.3

for types of users, 20.3.3.1.2

security and, 20.5.1.1

security for general users, 20.5.3.1

temporary tablespaces of, 2.4.3.3.1

user names

sessions and connections, 9.2.1

V

V$BUFFER_POOL view, 8.2.4.3.1

V$RECOVER_FILE view, 15.2.2

V_$ and V$ views, 7.3

VARCHAR datatype, 26.2.2.1

VARCHAR2 datatype, 26.2.2

non-padded comparison semantics, 26.2.2

similarity to RAW datatype, 26.6

variables

embedded SQL, 24.1.1.6

in stored procedures, 24.2.1.2.1

object variables, 27.6.2

varrays, 27.2.2.1

index-organized tables, 5.9.1

key compression, 5.8.9.3

view hierarchies, 27.6.5

views, 5.3

altering base tables and, 6.2.1.1

constraints indirectly affect, 21.2

containing expressions, 22.3.3.2

data dictionary

updatable columns, 5.3.5

definition expanded, 6.2.1.1

dependency status of, 6.2.1.1

fixed views, 7.3

globalization support parameters in, 5.3.3.1

how stored, 5.3.1

indexes and, 5.3.3.2

inherently modifiable, 22.3.3.1

inline views, 5.3.7

INSTEAD OF triggers, 22.3.3

materialized views, 5.4

maximum number of columns in, 5.3

modifiable, 22.3.3.1

modifying, 22.3.3.1

object views, 5.3.6

updatability, 27.6.3

overview of, 5.3

prerequisites for compilation of, 6.2.1

pseudocolumns, 22.3.3.2

schema object dependencies, 5.3.4, 6.2

SQL functions in, 5.3.3.1

updatability, 5.3.5, 22.3.3.1, 27.6.3

uses of, 5.3.2

W

waits for blocking transaction, 13.2.6.1

Wallet Manager, 20.2.2.2

wallets, 20.2.2.2

warehouse

materialized views, 5.4

Web page scripting, 24.2.1.7

whole database backups

consistent, 15.1.1.1

using SHUTDOWN ABORT statement, 15.1.1.1

definition, 15.1.2.1

inconsistent, 15.1.1.2

write-ahead, 9.3.2.2

writers block readers, 13.2.6.1

X

X.509 certificates, 20.2.2.2

session memory in the large pool, 8.2.7

XDK, 1.2.6.1

XML datatypes, 26.9

XML DB, 1.2.6.1, 19.2

XMLType datatype, 19.2, 26.9.1

Y

year 2000, 26.4.3