Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Concepts -- Index

1 to 1 locks, setting, B-2

access, 2-4

ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter, 10-17

active/active configurations

Real Application Clusters Guard II, 10-25

ADD LOGFILE clause

THREAD clause, 8-4

administration

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-3

ALERT file, 8-2

allocation

locks, B-3

ALTER DATABASE statement

ADD LOGFILE, 8-4

setting the log mode, A-2

ALTER SYSTEM SET

and server parameter file administration, 8-3

applications

scalability, 4-3, 4-6

architectural overview

Real Application Clusters, 3-2

architecture

components, 3-1

for cluster database processing, 2-1

ARCHIVELOG mode

automatic archiving, 1-6

changing mode, A-2

online and offline backups, 1-6

archiving

backups, 1-5

archiving redo log files

online archiving, 1-5, 1-6

asymmetrical multiprocessing, 4-6

automatic segment-space management

recommended in Real Application Clusters, 8-5

automatic undo management, 8-5

recommended in Real Application Clusters, 8-5

availability

and the interconnect, 2-4

benefit of cluster databases, 1-4

backup

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

backups

offline, 1-5

online, 1-5

bandwidth, 2-4

network, 4-4

best practices, 10-1

bitmaps

automatic segment-space management, 8-5

Block Media Recovery, 10-15

blocks

images, 5-3

modifications to multiple versions, 5-3

writing to disk, 6-6

buffer cache management, 1-4

buffer state, 6-4

cache

flushing dictionary, 7-3

cache coherency

and the Global Cache Service (GCS), 5-5

Cache Fusion

definition, 6-2

processing, 6-1

scenarios, 6-4

cache recovery, 10-15

checkpoint, 6-6

client

failover, 10-6

load balancing, 4-5

randomization, 4-5

cluster

components, 2-2

definition, 1-2

storage access, 2-4

cluster database

availability, 1-4

cluster database processing

definition, 1-2

hardware for, 2-1

when advantageous, 4-2

cluster file system, 3-3

benefits, 2-4

storage in Real Application Clusters, 8-2

Cluster Hardware Architecture, 2-1

Cluster Manager, 3-2

failure detection, 10-13

Cluster Manager (CM)

interaction with Global Cache Service (GCS), 3-7

node monitoring, 3-2

purpose, 3-2

cluster reorganization, 10-13

compatibility

shared and exclusive modes, 8-2

components

for high availability, 10-3

concurrent reads and writes on different nodes, 6-2

concurrent reads on multiple nodes, 6-2

concurrent writes on different nodes, 6-2

configurations

for high availability, 10-16

connect-time failover, 4-5

consistency

multiversion read, 1-5

consistent read (CR), 5-6

consistent read versions, 5-3

Control File, 10-14

Control File Voting Results Record, 10-14

CPUs, 2-3

CREATE CONTROLFILE statement

exclusive mode, A-2

CREATE DATABASE statement

exclusive mode, A-2

cross-registration, 10-21

data blocks, 1-4

data warehouse, 4-3

database

backups, 1-5

Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), 4-2, 8-3

and the Global Services Daemon (GSD), 3-4

manageability in Real Application Clusters, 9-4

server parameter file and default location, 8-4

database instance registration

client load balancing, 4-5

connect-time failover, 4-5

database writer (DBWR), 6-3

datafiles

mapping locks to blocks, B-2

maximum number, A-2

shared, 8-2

unspecified for locks, B-3

verification, 8-2

DBMS_LIBCACHE

warming the library cache, 10-23

deadlock detection, 7-2

Decision Support Systems (DSS), 4-3

dedicated server

and Primary/Secondary Instance, 10-18

DIAG

Diagnosability Daemon, 3-4

Diagnosability Daemon (DIAG), 3-4

dictionary cache, 7-3

locks, 7-3

dirty block, 6-4

disaster planning

high availability, 10-4

disk subsystems, 2-4

enqueue

definition, 5-3

enqueues

and recovery processing, 6-7

Ethernet

as used in Real Application Clusters, 2-4

exclusive (X) mode, 5-4

exclusive current (XCUR), 6-4

exclusive mode

compatibility, A-2

failover

basics of, 10-5

connect-time, 4-5

definition, 10-2

duration of, 10-6

host-based, 10-12

recovery processing in Real Application Clusters, 10-12

server-side, 10-11

transparent application failover, 4-5

failure

ALERT file, 8-2

detection by the Cluster Manager, 10-13

instance and recovery, 6-7

protection validation, 10-4

Fast-start Recovery, 10-2

Fast-start Rollback, 10-16

fault tolerance, 3-6

FDDI

as used in Real Application Clusters, 2-4

features, new, xxvi

file

ALERT, 8-2

archiving redo log, 1-6

maximum number, A-2

naming conventions, 8-3

redo log, 1-6

size, B-3

files

redo log, 8-4

free space management

automatic segment-space management, 8-5

Global Cache Service, 6-1

described, 3-6

distributed architecture, 3-6

LMON, use of, 10-13

Global Cache Service (GCS), 3-6, 5-2

data block tracking operations, 5-5

fault tolerant, 3-6

features, 3-6

interacting with CM, 3-7

processing example, 5-5

Global Cache Service Processes (LMSn), 3-4

processing for synchronization, 5-3

Global Enqueue Service (GCS) reconfiguration

phase of recovery processing, 6-7

Global Enqueue Service (GES), 3-6, 5-2

resource coordination, 7-1

Global Enqueue Service Daemon (LMD), 3-4

Global Enqueue Service Monitor (LMON), 3-4

global enqueues

automatically calculated, 5-3

Global Resource Directory, 3-6, 5-2

contents of, 5-2

Global Services Daemon (GSD)

manageability in Real Application Clusters, 9-5

Real Application Clusters-specific background process, 3-4

hardware

for cluster database processing, 2-1

scalability, 4-4

Hardware and Network Scalability, 4-4

high availability, 1-2

benefit of cluster databases, 1-4

cluster interconnects, 10-3

configurations for, 10-16

configurations, benefits of, 10-24

definition, 1-4, 10-2

high availability node configurations

benefits of, 10-25

host-based failover, 10-12

initialization parameter files, 8-3

initsid.ora parameter, 10-17

Input/Output, 1-4

installation

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-2

Instance, 10-14

instance, xv

instance failure

recovery, 6-7

instance membership recovery (IMR), 10-14

instance name, 4-6

instance recovery

rollback segments, 8-6

instances

recovery, 10-15

thread number, 8-4

interconnect, 2-3, 3-2

and scalability, 4-4

as a cluster component, 2-2

definition, 2-4

redundancy of, 10-3

interprocess communication (IPC), 2-3, 2-4

intranode messaging

for synchronization processing, 5-3

introduction

Real Application Clusters, 1-1

I/O

interrupts, 4-6

Lamport SCN generation, 5-6

latency, 2-4

network, 4-4

LCK

Lock Process, 3-4

Levels of Scalability, 4-3

library cache

warming, 10-23

library cache locks, 7-3

parsing of statements, 7-3

listener

connect-time failover, 4-5

transparent application failover, 4-5

listener.ora file, 4-6

LMD

Global Enqueue Service Daemon, 3-4

LMON

and cluster reorganization, 10-13

Global Enqueue Service Monitor, 3-4

LMSn

Global Cache Service Processes, 3-4

load balancing

client load balancing, 4-5

local coordination

becoming global, 5-3

local resource coordination, 5-2

Lock Process (LCK), 3-4

locks, B-2

enqueue, 5-3

library cache, 7-3

mapping blocks to, B-2

set of files, B-3

manageability

administration, 9-3

backup and recovery, 9-6

components in Real Application Clusters, 9-1

installation, 9-2

overview in Real Application Clusters, 9-2

performance monitoring, 9-6

manageability

setup and configuration, 9-2

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY parameter

and Lamport SCN generation, 5-7

mean time to failure (MTTF), 10-3

media failure

access to files, 8-2

memory, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4

memory cache

transfers for synchronization, 5-3

memory-mapped IPCs

how used, 2-4

messages

access to files, 8-2

ALERT file, 8-2

mode

archiving, 1-6

modes

resource, 5-4

MTTR, 10-2

multitiered application environments, 10-6

multiversion read consistency, 1-5

network

bandwidth, 4-4

latency, 4-4

scalability, 4-4

networks

performance, improving by randomizing client requests, 4-5

new features, xxvi

N-node

Real Application Clusters configurations, 10-17

NOARCHIVELOG mode

changing mode, A-2

offline backups, 1-6

node

definition, 2-3

failure, 1-4

node monitoring, 3-2

nodes

hardware for, 2-1

high availability, 10-3

null (N) mode, 5-4

offline backups, 1-5

OMF feature, 8-3

online archiving, 1-5

online backups, 1-5

online redo log files

thread of redo, 8-4

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), 1-2

operating system scalability, 4-6

operating system-dependent (OSD) layer, 3-2

Oracle

backing up, 1-5

datafile compatibility, 8-2

Oracle Call Interface (OCI), 10-11

Oracle Enterprise Manager

and server parameter file administration, 8-3

manageability in Real Application Clusters, 9-3

performance in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

Oracle Enterprise Manager (EM)

and the Global Services Daemon (GSD), 3-4

Oracle Managed File feature, 8-3

Oracle Parallel Execution, 4-3

described, 4-3

Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard I, 10-2

Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard II, 10-2

Oracle9i Data Guard, 10-2

Overview, 2-2

parallel mode

file operation restrictions, A-2

parameters

file (PFILE), 8-3

file, server, 8-3

settings, 8-3

past image (PI)

definition, 6-3

performance

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

PIs, discarded, 6-7

PL/SQL, 7-3

Preface, xv, xxv

primary instance, 10-17

primary instance role, 10-17

Primary/Secondary Instance configuration, 10-17

dedicated server environments, 10-18

definition, 10-17

shared server environments, 10-21

warming the library cache, 10-23

private rollback segments

acquisition, 8-5

quorum disk, 3-3

RAID

in disaster protection, 10-5

randomizing requests among listeners, 4-5

read consistency

multiversion, 1-5

read-only access, 1-5

Real Application Clusters

architectural overview, 3-2

cost of ownership, 1-3

definition, 1-2

dictionary cache locks, 7-3

instance processes, 3-4

Oracle Parallel Execution, 4-3

recovery, 6-7

resource coordination overview, 5-2

shared disk components, 3-3

synchronization processes, 5-3

Real Application Clusters

system types that benefit from, 4-2

Real Application Clusters connect-time failover, 4-5

Real Application Clusters Guard II, 10-25

recovery

access to files, 8-2

cache, 10-15

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

media failure, 8-2

of instances, 10-15

Real Application Clusters and Cache Fusion, 6-7

rolling back, 8-6

Recovery in Real Applications Clusters, 6-7

Recovery Manager (RMAN)

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

recovery processing

in Real Application Clusters, 10-12

redo log file

archiving, 1-6

overwriting, 1-6

thread of redo, 8-4

remastering

during failover, 10-5

resources, 10-14

and recovery processing, 6-7

and system change numbers (SCN), 5-6

coordination, global, 5-2

coordination, local, 5-2

coordination, overview of, 5-2

mode, 5-4

mode, and buffer state, 6-4

remastering, 10-14

role, 5-4

resources

information in Global Resource Directory, 5-2

restrictions

file operations, A-2

roles

resource, 5-4

rollback segment undo mode

in Real Application Clusters, 8-5

rollback segment undo mode

private rollback segments, 8-5

row level locking

resource sharing system, 1-5

row locking, 1-5

rows

updates and enqueues, 5-3

scalability, xvi, 1-3

applications, 4-3, 4-6

four levels of, 4-3

hardware, 4-4

levels of, 4-3

network, 4-5

shared memory system, 4-6

scale

applications, 1-2

SCN, 5-6

secondary instance, 10-17

Server Control (SRVCTL)

manageability in Real Application Clusters, 9-5

Server Control (SRVCTL) Utility

and the Global Services Daemon (GSD), 3-4

server parameter file, 8-3

location in Real Application Clusters, 8-4

server-side failover, 10-11

service name, 4-6

service registration, 4-6

setting, B-2

setup and configuration

manageability components in Real Application Clusters, 9-2

shared (S) mode, 5-4

shared current (SCUR), 6-4

shared high availability node configurations, 10-24

shared memory system

scalability, 4-6

shared mode

datafiles, 8-2

Shared Server

and Primary/Secondary Instance, 10-18

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL command, 10-8

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL LOCAL command, 10-8

shutdowns

transactional, 10-7

SID, 8-3

and server parameter file, 8-3

single node cluster databases, 7-3

space management

automatic segment-space management, 8-5

SQL statement

restrictions, A-2

startup, 3-4

verifying access to files, 8-2

Statspack

manageability and performance in Real Application Clusters, 9-6

statistics available for Real Application Clusters, 9-6

storage, 2-2, 2-3

storage

cluster file system, 8-2

structured query language (SQL), 7-3

switch archiving mode, A-2

symmetric multiprocessor, 4-6

synchronization processes

in Real Application Clusters, 5-3

System Change Number (SCN)

incrementation, 5-6

Lamport, 5-6

systems

types that benefit from Real Application Clusters, 4-2

system-specific Oracle documentation

datafiles, maximum number, A-2

tablespace

backups, 1-5

thread, 8-4

THREAD option

private thread creation, 8-4

public thread creation, 8-4

THREAD parameter

instance acquiring thread, 8-4

transaction recovery, 10-16

transaction systems, 4-2

transactions

committed data, 1-5

concurrent, 1-5, 5-5

row locking, 1-5

updates, 1-5

transparency

definition, 1-4

Transparent Application Failover

definition, 10-6

uses of, 10-7

undo space management, 8-5

updates

concurrent, 1-5

user-mode interprocess communication

how used in Real Application Clusters, 2-4

V$BH view, 6-4

voting disk, 3-3

warming the library cache

DBMS_LIBCACHE, 10-23

Windows NT/Windows 2000

quorum disk, 3-3

voting disk, 3-3

write protocol and past image tracking, 6-3

Index

Numerics

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W